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Anatomy > Exam #5: Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Exam #5: Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

When do the lower limb buds first appear, and where?

A
  • 5th week of development

- L2-S2

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2
Q

How are the toes & soles of the feet initially oriented in the limb bud?

A
  • Great toes are superior

- Soles are directed medially

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3
Q

When do the lower limb buds rotate?

A

7th week of development

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4
Q

What direction do the lower limb buds rotate? How does this compare to the upper limb buds?

A
  • Lower limb buds rotate medially

- Upper limb buds rotate laterally

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5
Q

What are the three parts of the hip bone?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

*Note that the three parts fuse at the end of the teenage years & each contains its own ossification center.

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6
Q

What does the hip bone articulate with?

A

Sacrum & the femur

*This is where the axial & appendicular skeleton join

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7
Q

What is the pelvic girdle?

A

2 hip bones together

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8
Q

What is the bony pelvis?

A

Pelvic girdle
Sacrum
Coccyx

All bound together by ligaments

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9
Q

Where do the gluteal muscles & iliacus attach?

A

Both attach to the “ala” or wing of the ilium

  • Gluteal muscles attach laterally
  • Iliacus attaches medially
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10
Q

What is the iliac fossa?

A

Concavity of the ala

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11
Q

What part of the acetabulum does the ilium form?

A

Superior 2/5

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12
Q

What vertebral structure is the iliac crest directly in line with?

A

L4-5 disc

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13
Q

What is the posterior inferior iliac spine the attachment site for?

A

Posterior sacroiliac ligament

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14
Q

How much of the acetabulum does the ischium contribute?

A

2/5

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15
Q

What four structures are part of the body of the ischium?

A

Ischial tuberosity
Ischial spine
Lesser sciatic notch
Greater sciatic notch

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16
Q

What forms the ischiopubic ramus?

A

Ischial ramus joins with the inferior ramus of the pubis to form the ischiopubic ramus

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17
Q

How much of the acetabulum does the pubis contribute?

A

1/5

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18
Q

What three structures are part of the body of the pubis?

A

Symphysis pubis
Pubic crest
Pubic tubercle

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19
Q

What part of the pubis joins with the ilium & ischium?

A

The superior ramus of the pubis fuses with the ilium & ischium within the acetabulum

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20
Q

What structure is part of the inferior ramus of the pubis?

A

Obturator foramen

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21
Q

What is the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Passageway for all lower limb nerves & arteries to leave the pelvis

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22
Q

What forms the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Greater sciatic notch
Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament

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23
Q

List the structures that pass through the greater sciatic foramen (7).

A

1) Piriformis muscle
2) Superior & inferior gluteal vessels/ nerves
3) Internal pudendal vessels & pudendal nerve
4) Sciatic nerve
5) Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
6) Nerve to guadratus femoris & inferior gemellus
7) Nerve to obtruator internus & superior gemellus

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24
Q

What forms the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Less sciatic notch
Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament

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25
Q

What structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

1) Tendon of obturator internus
2) Internal pudenal vessels & pudendal nerve
3) Nerve to the obturator internus

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26
Q

What muscles form the superficial layer of gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

27
Q

What muscles form the deep layer of gluteal muscles?

A 
Piriformis 
Obtruator Internus 
Superior Gemellus 
Inferior Gemellus 
Quadratus Femoris
28
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

A

1) Sacrotuberous ligament
2) Ilium
3) Sacrum
4) Coccyx

29
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?

A

1) Gluteal tuberosity

2) Iliotibial tract

30
Q

What is the function of the gluteus maximus?

A

Extension & lateral rotation of the thigh

*Note that this most is used in rising from a sitting position & running

31
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal

32
Q

What arteries supply the gluteus maximus?

A

Superior & inferior gluteal arteries

33
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus medius?

A

Ilium between the anterior & posterior gluteal line

34
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus medius?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

35
Q

What is the action of the gluteus medius?

A

1) ABduction & medial rotation of the thigh

2) With the gluteus minimus, stops hip from sagging on unsupported side

36
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal

37
Q

What artery supplies the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal artery

38
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus minimus?

A

Ilium between the anterior & inferior gluteal lines

39
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus minimus?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

40
Q

What is the action of the gluteus minimus?

A

ABduction & medial rotation of the thigh

41
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

42
Q

What artery supplies the gluteus minimus?

A

Superior gluteal artery

43
Q

What does a positive Trendelenburg Sign indicate?

A

Damage to the superior gluteal nerve

44
Q

What is the origin of the piriformis?

A

Anterior surface of the sacrum

45
Q

What is the insertion of the piriformis?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

46
Q

What nerves innervate the piriformis?

A

S1 & S2

47
Q

What is the function of the piriformis?

A

Lateral rotation of the thigh

48
Q

What is the origin of the Obturator Internus?

A

Obtruator membrane & surrounding bone

49
Q

What is the insertion of the Obturator Internus?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

50
Q

What nerves innervate the Obtruator Internus?

A

L5, S1, & S2

51
Q

What is the function of the Obtruator Internus?

A

1) Lateral rotation
2) Extension
3) Abduction of flexed thigh

52
Q

What is the origin of the superior gemellus?

A

Ischial spine

53
Q

What is the insertion of the superior gemellus?

A

Tendon of the obtruator internus

54
Q

What nerve innervates the superior gemellus?

A

Nerve to the obtruator internus, L5, S1, & S2

55
Q

What is the action of the superior gemellus?

A

Same as the obtruator internus

1) Lateral rotation
2) Extension
3) Abduction of flexed thigh

56
Q

What is the origin of the inferior gemellus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

57
Q

Where does the inferior gemellus insert?

A

Tendon of the obturator internus

58
Q

What nerve innervates the inferior gemellus?

A

Same as the quadratus femoris

L5 & S1

59
Q

What is the action of the inferior gemellus?

A

Same as the obtruator internus

1) Lateral rotation
2) Extension
3) Abduction of flexed thigh

60
Q

Where is the origin of the quadratus femoris?

A

Ischial tuberosity

61
Q

Where does the quadratus femoris insert?

A

Intertrochanteric crest

62
Q

What nerve innervates the quadratus femoris?

A

Nerve to the quadratus femoris (L5 & S1)

63
Q

What is the function of the quadratus femoris?

A

Lateral rotation of the thigh

64
Q

What does the term “hip fracture” most commonly refer to?

A

Fractures of the femoral head, neck, or trochanter

Anatomy (35 decks)

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