Eukaryotic cell structure Flashcards
describe the nucleas
nuclear envelope surrounds the organelle double membrane continous withthe endoplasmic reticulum where synthess of rprotiens take place
contains nuclear pores which allow certain substances to enter and tleavr the cell
nucleoplasm granular jelly like substance makes up bulk of the nucleas
chromosome protien bound linear dna
nucleolus spherical centre where ribosomal rna is made
what are the functions of the nucleas
to stroe gentic information
for production of ribosomal rna and ribosomes act as cell control centre
describe the mitochondria
around the organelle is a double membrane controls entry and exith the inner layer is folded to form extensions called cristae
cristae are extentions of the inner membrne whivch containattacthment for enzymes for respiration
the matrix is the lumen of the mitochondria and contain the rest of the protiens required for respiration lipids and ribosomes as well as dna
what is mitochondria responsible for
for the production of atp for its own cell from glucose
describe the chloroplasts
double membrane organnele which is highly selective in what neters and eaves the chloroplast.
the grana contain thylokaids are stacked like membranes which contain green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs the sun light at right angle are lamella which futher increase the surface area and join adjacent granas together.
the stroma is a fluid filled matrix which contaisn sugars and is where second stage of photosynthesis takes place
how is chloroplasts are adapted for functipon
the granal membranes have large surface for attacthmenr of chlorophyll and enzymes that cary otu photosyntheiss
fluid in the matrix stroma contians enzymes required to carry out second stage of photosynthesis
chloroplats contains its own dna to make protiens and enzymes required for phorosynthesis
describe the endoplasmic reticulum
contains two parts smooth and rough the smooth
the rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomws on the outer membrane ynthesises protiens ans provide pathway to transport material especially protien throguhout a cell
small endoplasic reticulum store and manafactures and transports lipids
stroe synthesis and transports carbohydrates
describe the golgi apparatus
contains cisternae which are flattened scas they transport and package protiens lipids and carbohydrates into vesicles and adds poritens and carbohydrates together it also labels them so they can be transported to the correct part of the body the golgi vesicle pinch of the golgi apparatus and release the content to the outside these vesicles fuse withthe membrane and release the contet
what is the function of the golgi
sort and transport substances in vesicles
ass non protien compartment to protiens where nessecary form lysosomes
describe lysomes
produce lysosymes which are some enzymes found in vesicles these enzymes are release in the presence of bacteria hydrolyzing th cell wall or into a phagosome in a phagoocyte in order to break down and destroy cells
describe the ribosomes
there are 80s ribosomes larger and found in plant and animal cells and 70s found in prokarytoic cells and is slightly smaller ribosomes have two smaller sub components one larger and one small they are responsible for the production of ribosomes
describe the cell wall
made out of cellulose contains microfibrils embedded into a matrix forming macrofibrilshas considerable amoun f strngth there is a thin layer called iddle lamella which marks the boundary between adjacent cell walls and cements the togethe
what is the function of cell wall
provide rigidity and strength to the plant to prevent cell from bursting under osmotic pressure to allow water to pass through
in algae the cell wall mad from glycoprotiens and in fungi its made from chitin
describe vacuoles
they are sacs surrounded by a tonoplast contains mineral salts and sygars they support the plant by keeping the plant turgid
the sugars may be temporary food store
pigments of petals from vacuole attract insects
