Energy And ATP Flashcards
How is ATP formed generally
The organic molecules oxidise to make atp
What does atp contain
Adenine a nitrogen containing organic base
Ribose a sugar molecule containing 5 carbons
Phosphate
It is a nucleotide which contains three phosphate groups
What are bonds like between phosphate groups and benefit
Unstable so have a low activation energy so they are easily broken and when they break they release a large amount of energy
What phosphate is usually relived
The termina phosphate
What is the equation for oxidising atp
Atp + h20 = adenineDIphosphate and phosphate and energy
What is used to remove phosphate
Water a hydrolysis reaction and the enzyme atp hydrolyse
How can adp turn into atp
You can add energy and remove water it is catalyse by atp synthase
What phosphate group is added to the the DIPhosphate
In chlorophyll containing plant cells during photosynthesis
In plant and animal cells during my respiration oxidative phosphorylation
In plant and animal cells when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP
What two main brief reasons make atp useful for energy source
Unstable and release less energy
Why is fats and carbs better long term storage for energy
The phosphate bonds are a bit stronger
Benefits of unstable phosphate bonds
Immediate energy source for cell as single reaction releases immediate energy and breakdown of glucose is long so energy takes longer
Benefits of releasing small amounts
Release less energy than a glucose molecules the energy for reactions is therefore release in smaller manageable quantities rather than larger less manageoavle
Consequences that atp cannot be stored
Has to be continuously made within mitochondrial cells such as muscle fibres or the epithelium
Atp in metabolic processes
Provides energy needed to build macromolecules from basic units
What can atp used for
Metabolic process Movement Active transport Secretion Activation of molecules
How can atp used for movement
Provides energy needed for muscle contraction in muscle contraction atp provides energy for the filament to slide past one another and shorten overall fibre
How does atp provide energy for active transport
Energy needed to change the shape of carrier proteins in the cell memebreane allows ions to move against gradients
How does atp allow activation of molecules
Inorganic phosphate releases during hydrolysis can be used to phosphorylase other compounds in order to make them more reactive thus lowering the activation energy in order for enzyme substarte complex to form
