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Biology 2 > Chatper 33: Slide 125-Pt. B 55 > Flashcards

Chatper 33: Slide 125-Pt. B 55 Flashcards

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1
Q

This phylum includes snails and slugs, oysters and clams, and octopi and squid

A

Mollusca

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2
Q

Where do Molluscs live?

A

Marine, fresh water, and terrestrial

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3
Q

Soft bodies of many species are surrounded by a protective calcium carbonate shell

A

Mollusca

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4
Q

What three mollusca have a reduced internal shell?

A

Slugs, squids and octopi

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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of the molluscs body plan?

A

Foot, visceral mass, and mantle

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6
Q

This part of the body plan in mollusca is usually used for movement

A

Muscular foot

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7
Q

This part of the body plan in mollusca contains most of the internal organs

A

Visceral mass

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8
Q

This part of the body plan in mollusca is a fold of tissue draping over the visceral mass that secretes the shell

A

Mantle

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9
Q

Molluscs have a water-filled ________ ________ that house the gills, anus, and excretory pores

A

Mantle cavity

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10
Q

In mollusca, many feed using a strap like ________ to scrape up food

A

Radula

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11
Q

Most molluscs have separate ______, but many snails are _________________

A

Sexes; hermaphrodites

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12
Q

Many molluscs have a ciliated larval stage called

A

The trochophore

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13
Q

There are 8 clades of molluscs, the major 4 are

A
  • Polyplacophora (chitons)
  • Gastropoda (snails and slugs)
  • Bivalvia (calms, oysters, and other bivalves)
  • Cephalopoda (squids, octopi, cuttlefish, and chambered nautiluses)
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14
Q

About 3/4 of molluscs are

A

Gastropods

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15
Q

Move slowly using cilia or by a rippling motion of the foot

A

Gastropods

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16
Q

Where do Gastropods live

A

Marine, freshwater and terrestrial

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17
Q

Are marine animals with oval-shaped bodies and a shell made of 8 dorsal plates

A

Chitons

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18
Q

The ________ in a chiton, is used to grip and creep slowly along rock

A

Foot

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19
Q

In chiton, what is used to scrape algae off the surface

A

Radula

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20
Q

Gastropods have a single, spiraled shell that protects them from _________, _____________, and ___________

A

Injury, dehydration, and predation

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21
Q

Most are herbivores, but some species use modified radula to feed on prey

A

Gastropods

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22
Q

Have a head with eyes at the tips of tentacles

A

Gastropods

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23
Q

Terrestrial snails lack _______; they use the lining of the _________ ________ for gas exchange with the air

A

Gills; mantle cavity

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24
Q

Are all aquatic and include many species of clams, oysters, muscles and scallops

A

Bivalves

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25
Q

Have a shell divided into two hinged halves drawn together by adductor muscles

A

Bivalves

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26
Q

Have no distinct head or radula

A

Bivalves

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27
Q

Some have eyes and sensory tentacles along the edge of their mantle

A

Bivalves

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28
Q

Bivalve _______ are housed inside the mantle cavity

A

Gills

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29
Q

What are the gills is bivalves used for?

A

Suspension feeding and gas exchange

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30
Q

In bivalves, water enters the mantle cavity through the incurrent ________ and leaves through an _______ siphon

A

Siphon; excurrent

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31
Q

Most species of bivalves are ________ and anchored to the substrate, but some have limited ___________

A

Sedentary; mobility

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32
Q

Are active marine predators with beak-like jaws surrounded by tentacles

A

Cephalopods

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33
Q

They immobilize prey using a poison in their saliva

A

Cephalopods

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34
Q

In cephalopods, the _______ is modified into a muscular _________ siphon and part of the tentacles

A

Foot; excurrent

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35
Q

In cephalopods, water is drawn into the _______ _________ and shot out through the ________ siphon for rapid movement

A

Mantle cavity; excurrent

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36
Q

The shell in cephalopods is ________ and internal or missing

A

Reduced

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37
Q

The shell is reduced in most cephalopods except

A

Chambered nautiluses

38
Q

Are the only molluscs with a closed circulatory system

A

Cephalopods

39
Q

Have well-developed sense organs, and a complex brain

A

Cephalopods

40
Q

Shelled cephalopods

A

Ammonites

41
Q

Once the dominant invertebrate predators of the sea

A

Ammonites

42
Q

Segmented worms

A

Annelids

43
Q

Where do Annelids live?

A

Marine, freshwater, and damp soil habitats

44
Q

Have coelom but no Hemocoel

A

Annelids

45
Q

What are the 3 traditional clades of Annelids

A

Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea

46
Q

What are the 2 clades of Annelida

A

Errantia and Sedentaria

47
Q

Which clade of Annelida is a large and diverse, mostly marine?

A

Errantia

48
Q

Which clade of Annelida are mobile swimmers, crawlers, or borrowers; others are relatively immobile tube-dwellers

A

Errantia

49
Q

Errantians have well-developed ________ used for predation or grazing on multicellular algae

A

Jaws

50
Q

Errantians have a pair of paddle- or ridge-like ___________ on each body segment

A

Parapodia

51
Q

In Errantians, ___________ are used for locomotion, and as gills in many species

A

Parapodia

52
Q

In Errantians, each parapodium has numerous ________, bristles made of _______

A

Chaetae; chitin

53
Q

Which clade of Annelids tend to be less mobile

A

Sedentarians

54
Q

Where do Sedentarians live?

A

Burrow slowly in substrate; protective tubes

55
Q

What type of Sedentarians often filter feed using gills or tentacles?

A

Tube-dwellers

56
Q

Earth worms and leeches are included in their clade

A

Sedentarians

57
Q

This type of Sedentarians are predators of invertebrates; some are blood sucking parasites of vertebrates

A

Leeches

58
Q

What do leeches secrete that prevents coagulation in their prey

A

Hirudin

59
Q

They are valued for their role in tilling, aerating, and improving the texture of agricultural soils

A

Earthworms

60
Q

Are hermaphrodites that cross-fertilize by joining in opposite direction to exchange sperm

A

Earthworms

61
Q

Reproduce asexually by fragmentation and regeneration

A

Earthworms

62
Q

This group are the most species-rich animal group

A

Ecdysozoans

63
Q

Animals with a cuticle

A

Ecdysozoans

64
Q

A tough external coat

A

Cuticle

65
Q

The cuticle of Ecdysozoans is shed during _________, or molting

A

Ecdysis

66
Q

_____________ and ___________ are the largest of about 8 Ecdysozoans phyla

A

Nematodes; arthropods

67
Q

Roundworms

A

Nematodes

68
Q

Which phyla of Ecdysozoans have cylindrical bodies tapered at the ends and covered by a cuticle

A

Nematodes

69
Q

Nematodes have an ___________ canal, but lack a __________ system

A

Alimentary; circulatory

70
Q

In Nematodes, nutrients are transported by fluid in the _________

A

Hemocoel

71
Q

In _____________, the body wall muscles are all longitudinal and their ___________ produces a trashing motion

A

Nematodes; contraction

72
Q

Where do nematodes live?

A

Moist soils and a the bottoms of lakes and oceans

73
Q

Nematodes includes many _________ of plants and animals, including humans

A

Parasites

74
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

Nematode

75
Q

2 of every 3 known species are

A

Arthropods

76
Q

The arthropod body plan consists of a ______________ body, hard ___________, and jointed _______________

A

Segmented; exoskeleton; appendages

77
Q

Arthropod appendages have become modified for walking, ____________, sensory reception, ____________, and defense

A

Feeding; reproduction

78
Q

In Arthropods, modified ____________ are jointed and come in pairs

A

Appendages

79
Q

Exoskeleton made of layers of protein and the polysaccharide chitin, covers the entire body

A

Cuticle

80
Q

The rigid exoskeleton of arthropods, provides __________ and point of attachment for _________

A

Protection; muscles

81
Q

In arthropods, the __________ must be shed for growth to occur

A

Exoskeleton

82
Q

Evolution of the exoskeleton in arthropods reduces _______ _______ and prevents ______________

A

Water loss; desiccation

83
Q

Evolution of the exoskeleton in ____________ provides _____________ support without the _________ of water

A

Arthropods; structural; buoyancy

84
Q

What 3 things in arthropods function in both touch and smell?

A

Eyes, olfactory receptors, and antennae

85
Q

In Arthropods, the ___________ ______________ system uses a heart to pump _________ into the cavity surrounding the tissues and organs (the _______)

A

Open circulatory; Hemolymph; Hemocoel

86
Q

In ____________, a variety of specialized gas exchange organs have evolved to ___________ the exoskeleton

A

Arthropods; circumvent

87
Q

Aquatic ____________ species have _______ with feathery extensions to maximize __________ exposed to the water

A

Arthropod; gills; surface

88
Q

Terrestrial Arthropod species have _________ surfaces specialized for gas exchange, such as the ________ ________ system

A

Internal; insect tracheal

89
Q

Living arthropods consists of 3 major lineages

A

Chelicerates, myriapods, and pancrustaceans

90
Q

Which lineages of Arthropods include sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, mites and spiders?

A

Chelicerates

91
Q

Which lineage of Arthropods includes centipedes and millipedes?

A

Myriapods

92
Q

Which lineage of Arthropods includes insects, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, and other crustaceans?

A

Pancrustaceans

Biology 2 (33 decks)

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