Chapter 33 Pt. B: Slides 57-103 Flashcards
What are the three lineages of Arthropods?
Chelicerates, Myriapods, and Pancrustaceans
Which lineage of Arthropods are named for their claw like feeding appendages
Chelicerates
Clawlike feeding appendages of Chelicerates
Chelicerae
Water scorpions
Eurypterids
The earliest member of the Chelicerates clade
Eurypterids
What are the only surviving groups of Chelicerates
Sea spiders and horseshoe crabs
AKA arachnids
Chelicerates
Spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites
Chelicerates
Arachnids have ____ paired appendages
6
What are the 6 paired appendages of arachnids?
Chelicerae, pedipalps, and 4 pairs of walking legs
In Arachnids, function in sensing, feeding, defense or preproduction
Pedipalps
In most __________, gas exchange is carried out by _________ __________, stacked plate like structures
Spiders; book lungs
Where do spiders produce their silk from?
Specialized abdominal glands
What are the 5 uses of spider’s silk?
- Construction of web for capturing prey
- Dropline for rapid escape
- Covering for eggs
- “Gift wrap” for male courtships offerings
- Transport (“ballooning”)
This clade of Arthropods includes millipedes and centipedes
Myriapods
All living myriapods are
Terrestrial
Myriapods have a pair of __________ and ___ pairs of appendages modified as _________________
Antennae; 3; mouthparts
Millipedes have ____ pairs of legs per trunk segment
2
Eat decaying leaves and other plant matter
Millipedes
Are carnivores
Centipedes
Centipedes have ___ pair of legs per trunk segment
1
Have poison claws on the foremost trunk segment paralyze prey and aid in defense
Centipedes
Terrestrial insects are more closely related to ____________ than ___________
Crustaceans; myriapods
Together, __________ and ________________ form the clade Pantcrustacea
Insects; crustaceans
Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and others
Crustaceans
Where do crustaceans live?
Marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats
Small ____________ exchange gases through the ________
Crustaceans; cuticle
Larger crustaceans have
Gills
In _____________, _______ waste diffuse through the cuticle
Crustaceans; nitrogenous
A pair of __________ regulates salt balance
Glands
Many crustaceans have highly specialized
Appendages
In Crustaceans, the anterior-most appendages form
2 pairs of antennae
In Crustaceans, appendages 3 or more pairs are modified as
Mouthparts
In Crustaceans, walking legs are located on the
Thorax
In Crustaceans, swimming appendages are located on the
Tail
Most Crustaceans have separate
Sexes
Most aquatic species of ____________ have 1 or more swimming larval stages
Crustaceans
One of the largest groups of Crustaceans that live in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats
Isopods
Common terrestrial isopods that live under moist logs and leaves
Pill bugs
Are relatively large crustaceans including lobsters, crabs, crayfish, and shrimp
Decapods
__________’s cuticle is hardened by calcium carbonate
Decapod
Most are marine, but crayfish live in fresh water, and some tropical crabs live on land
Decapods
_______________ crustaceans are small and numerous
Planktonic
Of Planktonic crustaceans, ____________ are the most abundant animals
Copepods
Shrimp-like krill
Copepods
Larval stages of many larger crustaceans are
Planktonic
Are mostly sessile crustaceans with a cuticle hardened into a calcium carbonate shell
Barnacles
Most anchor to submerged surfaces such as rocks, boat hulls, or pilling
Barnacles
In barnacles, ___________ appendages extend from the shell to strain food from water
Feeding
Clade ___________ includes insects and their relatives
Hexapoda
Live in most terrestrial habitats and in fresh water, but are rare in marine habitats
Insects
Have several complex internal organ systems
Insects
Insect _________ are an extension of the _______, enabling flight without sacrificing a pair of walking legs
Wings; cuticle
In insects, what improved the ability to evade predators, locate food and mates, and disperse to new habitats?
Flight
Some insects undergo ____________ _____________ during their development
Incomplete metamorphosis
In insects, the young (_________) resemble small, wingless adults
Nymphs
Insects undergo a series of _______ as they grow
Molts
Insects reach full size, acquire ________, and become ___________ mature with the final molt
Wings; sexually
Other insects undergo _____________ ______________
Complete metamorphosis
During _________ metamorphosis, insects have larval stages (called maggots, _____, or caterpillars) specialized for __________ and growing
Complete; grubs; eating
In ____________ metamorphosis, larval stages look very different from the adult stage
Complete
In _____________ metamorphosis, metamorphosis from larva to adult occurs during a pupal stage
Complete
Most insects reproduce
Sexually
Fertilization in insects is generally
Internal
In insects, some species ________; in other females pick up a sperm packet deposited by the male
Copulate
In insects, ______ are generally laid on a food source e
Eggs
Two orders of wingless insects
Archaeognatha and Zygentoma
Bristletails
Archaeognatha
Are wingless insects found in moist, dark terrestrial habitats, such as leaf litter or under bark
Bristletails (Archaeognatha)
Feed on algae, plant debris, and lichens
Bristletails (Archaeognatha)
Silverfish
Zygentoma
Small, wingless insects with a flattened body and reduced eyes
Silverfish (Zygentoma)
The live in leaf litter, under bark, or infest buildings
Silverfish (Zygentoma)
There are many orders of winged insects with _________ or _____________ metamorphosis
Complete; incomplete
Coleopterans, dipterans, lepidopterans, and hymenopterans have ____________ metamorphosis
Complete
Hemipterans and orthopterans have ____________ metamorphosis
Incomplete
Coleopterans, dipterans, lepidopterans, hymenopterans, hemipterans, and orthopterans are
Winged insects
Beetles
Coleoptera
Most species-rich order of insects
Beetles
Beetles have ____ pairs of wings, one thick and _____, the other ________________
2; stiff; membranous
Beetles have armored ___________ and _____________ adapted for biting and chewing
Exoskeleton; mouthparts
Dipterans have ____ pair of wings; the second pair form balancing organs called _________________
1; halteres
In Diptera, ___________ are adapted for sucking, piercing, or lapping
Mouthparts
_________ and ___________ are common dipterans
Flies; mosquitoes
Are highly social insects including ants, bees, and wasps
Hymenoptera
Hymenopterans have ____ pairs of ____________ wings, a mobile _______, and chewing or sucking ______________
2; membranous; head; mouthparts
In Hymenoptera, ________ of many species have a posterior ________
Females; stinger
Many build elaborate nests
Hymenoptera
Include butterflies and moths
Lepidoptera
Have a long ___________ is uncoiled to feed on nectar, or animal blood or tears
Lepidoptera; proboscis
Include “true bugs” such as stink bugs, bed bugs, and assassin bugs
Hemiptera
How many pairs of wings and what type of wings do Hemiptera have?
2 pairs; leathery and membranous
They have piercing or sucking mouthparts
Hemiptera
Mostly herbivorous insects including grasshoppers, crickets, and their relatives
Orthoptera
Large hind legs are adapted for jumping
Orthoptera
Many rub together body parts to make courtship sounds
Orthoptera
Play roles such as predators, prey, parasites, and decomposers
Orthoptera
Orthoptera, beneficial: __________, harmful: __________
Pollinators; pests
_____________ and _________ are deuterostomes
Echinoderms; chordates
This phylum includes sea stars and sea urchins
Echinoderms
Vertebrates are members of phylum
Chordata
What are the 2 developmental characteristics of Deuterostomes
Radial cleavage
Formation of the anus from the blastopore
What are used to define deuterostomes
DNA similarities
Are slow moving or sessile marine animals
Echinoderms
They have a ______ and an ____________ of hard calcareous plates; most are prickly
Coelom; endoskeleton
In Echinoderms, what function in locomotion and feeding?
Tube feet
Have separate sexes and external fertilization
Echinoderms
Most adult echinoderms appear to have _________ symmetry
Radial
Echinoderm larvae have _______ symmetry.
Bilateral
Living echinoderms are divided into 5 clades:
Asteroidea
Ophiuroidea
Echinoidea
Crinoidea
Holothuroidea
This clade of Echinoderms is sea stars and daisies
Asteroidea
Are used to pry open bivalves, which are digested externally
Tube feet
This clade of Echinoderms are brittle stars
Ophiuroidea
May have suspension feeders, predators, or scavengers
Ophiurodiea
This clade of Echinoderms is sea urchins and sand dollars
Echionidea
This clade of Echinoderms is sea lilies and feather stars
Crinoidea
Both use their arms in suspension feeding
Crinoidea
This clade of Echinoderms is sea cucumbers
Holothuroidea
Lack spines and have reduced endoskeletons
Sea cucumbers
Phylum Chordata includes vertebrates and what 2 groups of invertebrates
Lancelets
Tunicates
Bilaterally symmetrical coelomates with segmented bodies
Chordates
