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Biology 2 > Chapter 30 Part B: Plant Diversity II (Slide > Flashcards

Chapter 30 Part B: Plant Diversity II (Slide Flashcards

1
Q

All angiosperms belong to which phylum?

A

Phylum Anthophyta

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2
Q

What are Angiosperms two key adaptations

A

Flowers and fruit

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3
Q

An angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction

A

Flower

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4
Q

What transfers pollen from one flower to the sex organs of another?

A

Insects or other animals

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5
Q

What is an example of an angiosperm that is wind pollinated?

A

Grass

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6
Q

Specialized shoot

A

Flower

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7
Q

Flowers have four types of modified leaves called

A

Floral organs

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8
Q

Usually green and enclose the flower bud

A

Sepals

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9
Q

Often brightly colored to attract pollinators; wind-pollinated flowers are not usually brightly colored

A

Petals

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10
Q

Are microsporophylls, male reproductive organs

A

Stamens

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11
Q

Are megasporophylls, female reproductive organs

A

Carpels

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12
Q

Stamen consists of a stalk called a

A

Filament

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13
Q

A stamen consists of a filament and a terminal sac called a(n)

A

Anther

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14
Q

Produced within the anthers and develop into pollen grains which contain the male _______________

A

Microspores; gametophytes

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15
Q

Carpel consists of an ________ at the base of a _______ leading up to a sticky __________ that receives pollen

A

Ovary; style; stigma

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16
Q

What contains the female gametophyte(s) within the ovule(s)

A

Ovary

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17
Q

What develop into seeds?

A

Fertilized ovules

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18
Q

Single carpel or two or more fused carpels

A

Pistil

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19
Q

Flowers are variable in _______, _______, _________, and ________

A

Shape, size, color, odor

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20
Q

What kinds of symmetry do flowers have? (2)

A

Radial and bilateral

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21
Q

This type of symmetry, any imaginary line through the central axis divides the flowers into 2 equal parts

A

Radial

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22
Q

In what kind of symmetry can a flower only be divided into 2 equal parts by a single imaginary line

A

Bilateral

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23
Q

As seeds develop, the ovary wall thickens and the ovary matures into a

A

Fruit

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24
Q

What protects seeds and aid in their dispersal?

A

Fruit

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25
Q

Mature fruits can be either ______ or _______

A

Fleshy; dry

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26
Q

Tomatoes, plums, and grapes

A

Fleshy fruits

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27
Q

Soft ovary wall

A

Pericarp

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28
Q

Beans, nuts, and grains

A

Dry fruits

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29
Q

What are ways fruit and seeds and help disperse seeds? (1)

A

Dandelions; function like parachutes for wind dispersal

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30
Q

What are ways fruit and seeds and help disperse seeds? (2)

A

Coconuts; adapted to float for dispersal by water

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31
Q

What are ways fruit and seeds and help disperse seeds? (3)

A

Fruits modified as burrs cling to animal fur

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32
Q

What are ways fruit and seeds and help disperse seeds? (4)

A

Vividly colored fruits are eaten by animals and dispersed in their feces

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33
Q

What is contained within pollen grains?

A

Male gametophytes

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34
Q

What are produced by the microsporangia of anthers

A

Pollen grains

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35
Q

What contains a female gametophyte

A

Ovary

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36
Q

Ovule developed within the ovary and contains a female gametophyte

A

Embryo sac

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37
Q

What is contained within the embryo sac

38
Q

What is released from the anther and carried to the sticky stigma at the tip of the carpel

39
Q

Some flowers can ______-pollinate, but most have mechanism to ensure _________-pollination

A

Self; cross

40
Q

Transfer of pollen from a different individual

A

Cross-pollination

41
Q

What germinate on the stigma and produce a pollen tube

A

Pollen grains

42
Q

What grows down to the ovary

A

Pollen tube

43
Q

What penetrates the Micropyle

A

Pollen tube

44
Q

A pore in the integumentary that discharge two sperm cells

45
Q

Both sperm cells are used in a process called

A

Double fertilization

46
Q

In double fertilization: One ________ fertilized the _______ forming a __________ zygote

A

Sperm; egg; diploid

47
Q

In double fertilization: The other sperm fuses with __ nuclei in the _________ _____, forming a ______ cell (3n)

A

2; embryo sac; triploid

48
Q

In the Angiosperm life cycle (ALC), the fertilized ________ matures into a seed

49
Q

In the ALC, the ________ forms a sporophyte embryo with a simple root and __ or 2 ____________ (seed leaves)

A

Zygote; 1; cotyledons

50
Q

In ALC, the triploid cell forms a _________, tissue rich in starch and other food for developing embryo

51
Q

In ALC, what emerges when the seed coat ruptures?

A

Embryo as a seedling

52
Q

Food stored in the endosperm and cotyledons is used until when?

A

The seedling can start photosynthesis

53
Q

Monicots have how many cotyledon?

54
Q

Dicots have how many cotyledon?

55
Q

_________ and _______ have influenced each other’s evolutionary histories

A

Animals; plants

56
Q

What interaction may have affected the rate of new species formation

A

Plant-pollinator

57
Q

Comprise more than 290,000 species

A

Angiosperms

58
Q

Angiosperms are divided into 2 groups:

A

Monocots and Dicots

59
Q

One cotyledon

60
Q

Two cotyledons

61
Q

“True” dicots

62
Q

Form a clade that includes most of the species once categorized as dicots

63
Q

Parallel veins

64
Q

Netlike veins

65
Q

Vascular tissue scattered

66
Q

Vascular tissue usually arranged in ring

67
Q

Root system usually fibrous (no main root)

68
Q

Taproot (main root) usually present

69
Q

Pollen grain with 1 opening

70
Q

Pollen grain with 3 openings

71
Q

Floral organs usually in multiples of 3

72
Q

Floral organs usually in multiples of 4 or 5

73
Q

What are the 2 small lineages of remaining dicots

A

Basal angiosperms and Magnoliids

74
Q

Amborella trichopoda, water lilies, and star anise

A

Basal Angiosperms

75
Q

Consist of about 100 species

A

Basal Angiosperms

76
Q

Consist of about 8,500 species

A

Magnoliids

77
Q

Include both woody and herbaceous plants

A

Magnoliids

78
Q

Genetically more closely related to Monocots and eudicots

A

Magnoliids

79
Q

About 1/4 of angiosperms

80
Q

About 72,000 species

81
Q

Orchids, grasses, and palms

82
Q

Maize, rice and wheat

83
Q

More than 2/3 of angiosperms

84
Q

210,000 species

85
Q

What is the largest group of Eudicots?

A

Legume family (peas and beans)

86
Q

Oak, maple, walnut, willow, and birch

87
Q

Key sources of food, fuel, wood products, and medicine

A

Seed plants

88
Q

Where does most of our food come from?

A

Angiosperms

89
Q

Products of relatively recent genetic change resulting from artificial selection

A

Modern crops

90
Q

The ________ and ______ of seed are treated in domesticated plants compared to wild relatives

A

Number; size

91
Q

Provide edible products including tea, coffee, chocolate, and spices

A

Flowering plants

92
Q

Sources of wood used for field, paper production, and construction

A

Seed plants

Biology 2 (33 decks)

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