Biology Exam 1 Study Guide (Ch. 29 & 30) Flashcards
What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land?
A) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaveh
B) loss of structures that produce spores
C) sporopollenin to inhibit evaporation from leaves
D) remnants of chloroplasts from photosynthesizing cells
A) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaveh
(Figure) The following question refers to the generalized life cycle for plants shown in the figure. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.
In the figure, the process labeled “6” involves ________.
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) fertilization
D) binary fission
A) mitosis
Which of the following statements is correct regarding stomata?
A) They occur in all plants and define them as a monophyletic group.
B) They open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss.
C) They occur in all plants and are the same as pores.
D) They open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange.
B) They open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss.
Which of the following is a common feature among liverworts, hornworts, and mosses?
A) They are all wind pollinated.
B) They are heterosporous.
C) They are pollinated by animals.
D) They require standing water for reproduction.
D) They require standing water for reproduction.
Which of the following is a similarity between bryophytes and seedless vascular plants?
A) Plants in both groups have vascular tissue.
B) In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia.
C) The dominant generation in both groups is the sporophyte.
D) Plants in both groups have true roots, stems, and leaves.
B) In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia.
Which of the following structures is present in a bryophyte at some point in their life cycles?
A) microphylls
B) true roots
C) true leaves
D) sporangia
D) sporangia
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the structure of a fern?
A) the sporophyte generation is smaller in size than the gametophyte generation
B) sporangia are found on the gametophyte
C) ferns contain no vascular tissue
D) sporangia are found on the sporophylls
D) sporangia are found on the sporophylls
A biology student hiking in a forest discovers a 15-centimeter-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobili at its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content. Which of the following chemicals are most likely to be detected in substantial amounts upon chemical analysis of these small spheres?
A) sporopollenin
B) phenolics
C) waxes
D) terpenes
A) sporopollenin
A sample of mosses and ferns comprises which of the following?
A) both sporophyte and gametophyte generations
B) only vascular plants
C) both nonvascular and seed-bearing plants
D) both seedless and seed-bearing plants
A) both sporophyte and gametophyte generations
Microphylls are found in which plant group?
A) lycophytes
B) liverworts
C) ferns
D) hornworts
A) lycophytes
Which of the following statements correctly describes the colonization of terrestrial habitat by plants?
It occurred in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil.
In plants, which of the following is a benefit of retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte?
It allows it to be nourished by the parent plant
In which of the following structures of a plant are spiral meristems found?
In both roots and shoots
What plants are related to land plants the most?
Charophytes
What is the main source that plants supply?
Oxygen
What traits are present in almost all plants but NOT in charophytes?
Alternation of generation, walled spores produced in sporangia, and apical meristems
What is an embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients inside a protective coat?
Seed
Why are plants called Embryophytes
Because of the nurturing of the young embryo sporophyte during the early stages of its multicellular development within the tissues of the parent gametophyte
What refers to naked seed?
Gymnosperms
How are Bryophytes best described?
Most dominant use of gametophytes
Which is the most abundant plant type?
Seed plants
Gametophytes supplies what to the sporophyte?
Sugars, amino acids, and minerals
What multicellular diploid produces haploid spores by meiosis?
Sporophyte
What Bryophyte matches phylum Anthocerophyta?
Bryophytes
The ________ is a waxy covering of the epidermis that reduces water loss.
Cuticle
Which is NOT a benefit that the move to land provided plants?
More structural support
What are the multicellular organs that produce spores in sporophytes called?
Sporangia
Which is not a derived trait of plants?
Lack of roots
What group of plants are humans most dependent on?
Seed plants
A cuticle’s function is:
to help reduce water loss in plants
Which is FALSE about protonema?
They are brown with a brown and branch-like
Monilophytes include all of the following except:
club mosses
What is not true of sporophylls?
Sori are modified leaves with sporangia
What pair hold a bryophyte’s egg and sperm?
Archegonia & Antheridia
What vascular system is coated in lignin polymer and aids in the transport of water?
Xylem
What are the two clades of seedless vascular plants?
Phylum Lycophyta and Phylum Monilophyta
All seeds plants and some seedless vascular plants are
Heterosporous
What produces megasporangia?
Megasporophylls
What is “peat moss” also known as?
Sphagnum
In spruces and pines, which of the following is an advantage of having needlelike leaves?
A) increased surface area, increasing photosynthesis
B) increased surface area, increasing gas exchange
C) decreased surface area, reducing gas exchange
D) decreased surface area, reducing water loss
D) decreased surface area, reducing water loss
Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, which of the following develops before the others after fertilization occurs?
A) megaspore
B) sporophyte embryo
C) egg cell
D) female gametophyte
A) megaspore
Which of the following generations in the conifer life cycle most directly produces the integument of a pine seed?
A) male gametophyte
B) female gametophyte
C) male sporophyte
D) female sporophyte
D) female sporophyte
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in an endosperm nucleus?
A) 8
B) 16
C) 24
D) 32
C) 24
Which of the following structures directly produces the fruit of angiosperms?
A) male gametophyte
B) female gametophyte
C) male sporophyte
D) female sporophyte
D) female sporophyte
The evolution of vascular tissue in plants facilitated which of the following changes?
The ability to grow taller.
Which of the following symbiotic relationships would most likely allow bryophytes to live successfully in a bare, moist area?
A symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria
The evolution of a vascular system in plants allowed which of the following characteristics and processes to occur?
Increased height, improved competition for light, and increased spore dispersal distances.
In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to seed-producing plants?
Pollen
Which of the following functions as an advantage of seeds compared to spores?
Containing a nutrient store for a developing sporophyte
One day, you go outside and see that the cars on the street are covered in yellow “dust”. Which of the following statements can be correctly applied to this “dust”?
The dust is pine pollen and is so abundant because the pines are wind-pollinated.
Which of the following is NOT a floral organ?
Angiosperm
Which of the following is NOT a monocot characteristic?
Pollen grain with three openings
How are spores developed to produce a female gametophyte?
Megasporophylls bear megasporangia that produce megaspores.
What type of gametophyte is enclosed within the pollen wall?
Male gametophyte
Which of the three genera of the phyla Phylum Gnetophyta is often found in the desert?
Welwitschia
What are NOT the characteristics of monocots?
Floral organs usually in multiples of 4 or 5
What do megasporophyll’s produce?
Megasporangia that bear female gametophytes
What is a mechanism flowers have to ensure cross-pollination?
The stamens and carpels mature at different times
Which of the following sex and generation combination produces megasporangia of pine ovules?
Female sporophyte
What is the importance of mosses?
Form peat; retain NO2
Which of the following is most closely related to seed plants lycophytes or pterophytes?
Pterophyte
Which is not heterosporous?
Ferns
All of the following are a floral organ EXCEPT:
anther
What area did Gymnosperms dominate terrestrial ecosystems?
Mesozoic era
What are two key adaptations of angiosperms?
Flowers and fruit
Having fleshy seed produced by female trees that smell rancid can be best described by which phylum?
Ginkgophyta
Which part of a flower is the female reproductive organ?
Carpels
Angiosperms key adaptations include:
male and female gametophytes are developed in Flowers
What Phylum does not belong to the Gymnosperm?
Hepatophyta
How many integuments do the Gymnosperms have?
They have one
How many integuments do the Angiosperms have?
Two
What does a pollen grain consist of?
Male gametophytes enclosed within the pollen wall
Which of these is NOT true about seeds?
Short-lived
Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?
Within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower
Which of the following arranges the structures from largest to smallest, assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm?
Carpel, ovary, ovule, embryo sac, egg
Which of the following structures in an angiosperm is triploid?
Endosperm
