Chapter 44: Osmoregluation & Excretion

Question 1

Animals transport salts and thereby direct water movement into or out of cell by

Answer 1

Osmosis

Question 2

Controls solute concentrations and balances water gain and loss

Answer 2

Osmoregulation

Question 3

Several mechanisms have evolved for ridding the body of nitrogenous metabolites and other metabolic waste products, a process called

Answer 3

Excretion

Question 4

Difference in concentration between mediums

Answer 4

Gradient

Question 5

Osmoregulation requires controlled movement of _______ and ________ across plasma membrane

Answer 5

Water; solutes

Question 6

The driving force for this movement is a _____________ __________ of one or more solutes across the membrane

Answer 6

Concentration gradient

Question 7

Water enters and leaves cells by

Answer 7

Osmosis

Question 8

The solute concentration of a solution, determines the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 8

Osmolarity

Question 9

If 2 solutions are isoosmotic, water molecules will cross the membrane at ________ rates in ______ directions

Answer 9

Equal; both

Question 10

In this case, there is ____ _______ movement of water between the isoosomtic solutions

Answer 10

No net

Question 11

Less concentrated

Answer 11

Hypoosmotic

Question 12

More concentrated

Answer 12

Hyperosmotic

Question 13

If 2 solutions differ in osmolarity, the net flow of water is from the __________ to the __________ solution

Answer 13

Hypoosmotic; hyperosmotic

Question 14

Are isoosmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate their osmolarity

Answer 14

Osmoconformers

Question 15

Expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyperosmotic or Hypoosmotic environment

Answer 15

Osmoregulators

Question 16

Allows animals to live in environments that are uninhabitable for osmoconformers

Answer 16

Osmoregulation

Question 17

They cannot tolerate substantial changes in external osmolarity

Answer 17

Stenohaline

Question 18

Can survive large fluctuations in external osmolarity

Answer 18

Euryhaline animals

Question 19

Most marine invertebrates are

Answer 19

Osmoconformers

Question 20

Marine bony fish are ________ to seawater

Answer 20

Hypoosmotic

Question 21

Osmoregulation is frequently coupled to elimination of ___________ waste products, such as ______

Answer 21

Nitrogenous; urea