Chapter 40: Slides 60-90 Flashcards
The arrangement of blood vessels in many marine mammals and birds allows for
Countercurrent exchange
What transfer heat between fluids flowing in opposite directions; reduce heat loss
Countercurrent heat exchangers
What animals use countercurrent heat exchanges
Sharks, fish, and insects
Many __________ insects have a countercurrent heat exchangers that help maintain a high temperature in the thorax
Endothermic
What helps to cool an animal down?
Sweating or bathing
What increases the cooling effect in birds and many mammals
Panting
_________ and sometimes __________ use behavioral responses to control body temperature
Ectotherms; endotherms
What contributes to thermoregulation in both endotherms and Ectotherms
Social behavior
The adjustment of metabolic heat production to maintain body temperature
Thermogenesis
What is increased by muscle activity such as moving or __________
Thermogenesis; shivering
______________ thermogenesis takes place when hormones cause ___________ to increase their metabolic activity
Nonshivering; mitochondria
Some mammals have a tissue called __________ ______ that is specialized for rapid heat production
Brown fat
Found in the infants of many mammals and in adult mammals that hibernate
Brown fat
_______ and ___________ can adjust their insulation to acclimatize to seasonal temperature changes
Birds; mammals
_______ composition of cell membranes may change with temperature
Lipid
When temperatures are subzero, some ___________ produce “_________” compounds the prevent ice formation in their cells
Ectotherms; antifreeze
In mammals, the sensors responsible for thermoregulation are concentrated in a region of the brain called the
Hypothalamus