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Biology 2 > Chapter 30 Part A: Plant Diversity II (Slide 48) > Flashcards

Chapter 30 Part A: Plant Diversity II (Slide 48) Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

A

Seed

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2
Q

Can disperse over long distances by wind and other means

A

Seed

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3
Q

______ and _______ grains are key adaptations for life on land

A

Seeds and pollen

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4
Q

All seed plants have reduced gametophytes, _________, __________, and pollen

A

Heterospory and ovules

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5
Q

The adaptations of seed plants help plants cope with ___________ and exposure to ___________ radiation

A

Drought; ultraviolet (UV)

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6
Q

What is not required for fertilization in seed plants

A

Water

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7
Q

Seed plant life cycles are _________-dominated

A

Sporophyte

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8
Q

_________ are microscopic and dependent in seed plants

A

Gametophytes

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9
Q

What develop from spores retained within the sporangia of the __________?

A

Gametophytes; sporophyte

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10
Q

What are protected from environmental stress and receive nutrients from the _________ sporophyte?

A

Gametophytes; parent

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11
Q

What kind of plant produce one kind of spore?

A

Homosporous

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12
Q

What type of plant generally have bisexual gametophytes

A

Homosporous

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13
Q

What type of plant produce two types of spores?

A

Heterosporous

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14
Q

Which type of plant forms either male or female gametophytes?

A

Heterosporous

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15
Q

________ and other close relatives of _______ plants are Homosporous

A

Ferns; seed

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16
Q

_________ plants are heterosporous

A

Seed

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17
Q

What develop within sporangia?

A

Spores

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18
Q

What are born on modified leaves called sporophylls?

A

Sporangia

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19
Q

What consists of a megaspore within a megasporangium

A

Ovule

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20
Q

Ovules are surrounded by one or more protective coats called ___________

A

Integuments

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21
Q

What typically have one integument? What has two integuments?

A

Gymnosperms; angiosperms

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22
Q

Each microspore develops into a ________ _______

A

Pollen grain

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23
Q

What does a pollen grain consist of?

A

Male gametophytes enclosed within the pollen wall

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24
Q

The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules

A

Pollination

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25
Q

What can be transferred long distances by wind or animals

A

Pollen

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26
Q

Pollen grains ________ when they reach the ________ reproductive structure

A

Germinate; female

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27
Q

What produces a pollen tube?

A

Germinated pollen grain

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28
Q

What grows into the ovule and discharges sperm into the female gametophyte?

A

Pollen tube

29
Q

Sperm fertilizes the egg of a ________ plant, the ________ grows into a __________ embryo.

A

Seed; zygote; sporophyte

30
Q

What develops into a seed?

31
Q

An embryo, with a food supply, packaged in a protective coat

32
Q

What two things provide protection from harsh conditions and facilitate dispersal

A

Seeds and spores

33
Q

_________ provide evolutionary advantages over _______

A

Seeds; spores

34
Q

Are multicellular

35
Q

Single cells

36
Q

Can remain dormant for years until conditions are favorable for germination

37
Q

Shorter-lived

38
Q

Stored food to nourish growing seedlings

39
Q

Do not provide nourishment to gametophytes

40
Q

Transported longer distances by wind or animals

41
Q

Drop closer to the parent plant

42
Q

Have “naked seeds” exposed on sporophylls that usually form cones

A

Gymnosperms

43
Q

Are cone-bearing plants

A

Gymnosperms

44
Q

Cone-bearing plants

45
Q

Pines, firs, and redwoods

46
Q

Seed plant evolution has included three key reproductive adaptations (1)

A

Miniaturization of gametophytes

47
Q

Seed plant evolution has included three key reproductive adaptations (2)

A

Production of the seed as a resistant, dispersible stage in the life cycle

48
Q

Seed plant evolution has included three key reproductive adaptations (3)

A

Pollen, an airborne agent bringing gametes together

49
Q

An example of a sporophyte that produces sporangia in male and female cones

A

Pine trees

50
Q

Are small and consists of microsporophylls that bear micorsporangia

A

Pollen cones

51
Q

Undergo meiosis to produce haploid microspores within the microsporangia

A

Microsporocytes

52
Q

What develops into a pollen grain containing a male gametophyte

A

Microspore

53
Q

Release large amount of wind-carried pollen

54
Q

________ cones are larger and consist of modified stem tissue and megasporophylls bearing megasporangia

55
Q

Within each mega__________, mega_________ undergo meiosis to produce haploid mega________

A

Sporagium; sporocytes; spores

56
Q

Develop into female gametophytes, retained within the megasporangia

A

Megaspores

57
Q

In most pine species, each tree has both _______ and ________ cones

A

Male; female

58
Q

It takes nearly ___ years from the time the cones first appear to produce _________ seeds

59
Q

The scales of each ________ cone separate at ________ and seeds are dispersed by wind

A

Ovulate; maturity

60
Q

At __________, the sporophyte embryo emerges as a __________

A

Germination; seedling

61
Q

Characteristics found in living seed plants date back to the late _________ period

62
Q

Heterosporous tree with a woody stem, but it did not bear seeds

A

Archaeopteris

63
Q

The oldest gymnosperms fossils are about ______ million years old

64
Q

Replaced seedless vascular plants in the drying climate of the late Carboniferous period

A

Gymnosperms

65
Q

What 3 things helped gymnosperms thrive into the Permian period

A

Seeds, pollen, and adaptations for drought tolerance

66
Q

What served as food for herbivorous dinosaurs

A

Gymnosperms

67
Q

What began to replace gymnosperms near the end of the Mesozoic era

A

Angiosperms

68
Q

What dominates most terrestrial ecosystems

A

Angiosperms

69
Q

Vast regions in northern latitudes are covered by _________ of ________

A

Forests; conifers

Biology 2 (33 decks)

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