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Biology 2 > Chapter 34C: Vertebrates Cont. Slide 80 > Flashcards

Chapter 34C: Vertebrates Cont. Slide 80 Flashcards

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1
Q

Are tetrapods that have a terrestrially adapted egg

A

Amniotes

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2
Q

Are tetrapods whose living members are the reptiles (including birds) and mammals

A

Amniotes

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3
Q

Amniotes are named for the ________ _____, which contains ___ membranes that protect the embryo

A

Amniotic egg; 4

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4
Q

A key adaptation for life on land, the amniotic egg reduced dependence on ______ for reproduction

A

water

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5
Q

What are the 4 extraembryonic membranes

A

Amnion
Chorion
Yolk sac
Allantois

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6
Q

A fluid-filled sac that surrounds, bathes, and cushions the embryo

A

Amnion

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7
Q

Function in gas exchange, nutrient transfer, and waste storage

A

Yolk sac
Chorion
Allantois

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8
Q

Tuataras, lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, and birds

A

Reptiles

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9
Q

Lizards and snakes

A

Squamates

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10
Q

Reptiles have scales containing _________ to protect skin from desiccation and abrasion

A

Keratin

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11
Q

Most reptiles are _________, absorbing external heat as the main source of body heat

A

Ectothermic

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12
Q

Regulate their body temperature through behavioral adaptations

A

Ectotherms

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13
Q

Birds are __________, capable of maintaining body temperature through metabolic activity

A

Endothermic

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14
Q

Earliest reptiles that resembled lizards

A

Diapsids

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15
Q

Have a pair of holes on either side of the skull through which muscle attach to the jaw

A

Diapsids

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16
Q

What are the 3 lineages of Diapsids?

A

Turtles
Lepidosaurs
Archosaurs

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17
Q

Include living tuataras, lizards, and snakes, and extinct mososaurs

A

Lepidosaurs

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18
Q

Include living crocodilians, and extinct pterosaurs and dinosaurs

A

Archosaurs

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19
Q

Bipedal carnivores (T-Rex)

A

Theropods

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20
Q

Two lineages of turtles

A

Side-necked
Vertical-necked

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21
Q

Fold their neck horizontally

A

Side-necked turtles

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22
Q

Fold their neck vertically

A

Vertical-necked turtles

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23
Q

Largest living species of turtles

A

Sea turtles

24
Q

Lepidosaurs —> _________ (lizards and snakes)

A

Squamates

25
Q

_______ are descendants from lizards with legs

A

Snakes

26
Q

Snakes use _________ _______ to grip the ground at several points and pull their body up and forward

A

Belly scales

27
Q

Birds are _________ that have evolved extensive modifications in their adaptation to flight

A

Archosaurs

28
Q

Birds lack

A

Urinary bladder

29
Q

How many ovary do female birds have?

A

One ovary

30
Q

Bird feathers are made of ___-________ are arranged to form wings into _______

A

Beta-keratin; airfoils

31
Q

Birds have ______ vision, acute eyesight, and ______ muscle control to support flight

A

Color; fine

32
Q

What in birds benefits hunting and scavenging, escapee from terrestrial predators, and long-distance migration

A

Flight

33
Q

What two structures in birds insulate the body, reducing heat loss

A

Feathers and layer of fat

34
Q

Fertilization in birds is

A

Internal

35
Q

The clade that includes the 28 orders of living birds

A

Neornithes

36
Q

Order of flightless birds including the ostrich, rhea, kiwi, cassowary, and emu

A

Ratites

37
Q

Are amniotes that have hair and produce milk

A

Mammals

38
Q

What structure in mammals produce milk to feed young

A

Mammary glands

39
Q

In mammals, these two structures allow for insulation

A

Hair
Fat layer under the skin

40
Q

In mammals, conserve water from wastes

A

Kidneys

41
Q

In mammals, structure used for shearing, crushing or grinding

A

Teeth

42
Q

Mammals in arid environments, structure that limits evaporative water loss

A

Thick oily skin

43
Q

Mammals in arid environments, structure that increase efficiency of water reabsorption when exhaling

A

Large nasal passages

44
Q

Mammals in arid environments, two structures that absorb most of the water from food, losing little in feces and urine

A

Large intestine
Kidneys

45
Q

Amniotes that include mammals

A

Synapsids

46
Q

All synapsids are distinguished by a single ___________ ___________ (hole behind each eye socket)

A

Temporal fenestra

47
Q

Egg-laying mammals

A

Monotremes

48
Q

Mammals with a pouch

A

Marsupials

49
Q

Placental mammals

A

Eutherians

50
Q

Are a small group of egg-laying mammals

A

Monotremes

51
Q

Include 4 species of echidnas and one species of platypus

A

Monotremes

52
Q

In Monotremes, females lack _______ and secrete milk from ________ on their bellies; babies suck milk from their _______

A

Nipples; glands; fur

53
Q

Nipples to provide milk
Birth of live young
Embryonic development in the uterus
A placenta for nutrient transfer

A

Marsupials

54
Q

Are born early and continue to develop while nursing in pouch called the ___________

A

Marsupials; marsupium

55
Q

Compared with marsupials, ___________ have a more complex ________ and longer ______________

A

Eutherians; placenta; pregnancies

56
Q

The mammalian order that includes lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys and apes

A

Primates

57
Q

_________ are members of the ape group

A

Humans

Biology 2 (33 decks)

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