Chapter 9 Pathologies

Question 1

Dilation and expansion of the lower esophagus, due to pressure from food accumulation

Answer 1

Achalasia

Question 2

Physical and psychiatric disorder that involves a combination of an intense fear of weight gain, distorted body image, and self-imposed starvation

Answer 2

Anorexia nervosa

Question 3

Inflammation of the appendix

Answer 3

Appendicitis

Question 4

Accumulation of cirrus fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 4

Ascites

Question 5

Partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestines; common causes include volvulus, intussusception, tumors, and adhesions (scar tissue)

Answer 5

Bowel obstruction

Question 6

Physical and psychiatric disorder that involves a combination of obsessively eating huge quantities of food with purging behaviors

Answer 6

Bulimia nervosa

Question 7

Infection with ________ organisms via contaminated food or water, resulting in intestinal illness

Answer 7

Campylobacter infection

Question 8

Disorder in which the lining of the small intestine is damaged due to dietary factors resulting in impaired nutrient absorption

Answer 8

Celiac disease

Question 9

Inflammation of the gallbladder, usually secondary to the presence of gallstones

Answer 9

Cholecystitis

Question 10

Condition in which gallstones are present in the gallbladder, liver, or binary ducts

Answer 10

Cholelithiasis

Question 11

Chronic liver disease characterized by scarring and loss of normal structure

Answer 11

Cirrhosis

Question 12

Disorder involving inflammation and edema deep in the layers of the lining of any part of the GI tract semicolon also called regional enteritis

Answer 12

Crohn’s disease

Question 13

Inflammation of one or more diverticula (tiny pouches in the intestinal wall)

Answer 13

Diverticulitis

Question 14

Condition in which diverticula form in the intestinal wall due to increased pressure

Answer 14

Diverticulosis

Question 15

Dangerous strain of Escherichia coli that produces toxins that can severely damage the intestinal lining, resulting in bloody diarrhea.

Answer 15

E coli infection

Question 16

Vomiting

Answer 16

Emesis

Question 17

Varicose veins of the distal end of the esophagus

Answer 17

Esophageal varices

Question 18

Inflammation of the esophageal lining

Answer 18

Esophagitis

Question 19

Common term for several illnesses caused by eating food contaminated with bacterial or toxic organisms; sometimes called dysentery

Answer 19

Food poisoning

Question 20

Inflammation of the stomach’s mucosal lining

Answer 20

Gastritis

Question 21

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines; often referred to as the stomach flu (although influenza is not the cause)

Answer 21

Gastroenteritis

Question 22

Backflow of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus, causing esophagitis

Answer 22

Gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD

Question 23

Internal or external varicose veins of the anal area

Answer 23

Hemorrhoids

Question 24

Chronic inflammation of the liver, caused by one of the several viruses (types A, b, C, D, or E)

Answer 24

Hepatitis

Question 25

Protrusion of a structure through the wall that normally contains it

Answer 25

Hernia

Question 26

Protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm into the chest cavity

Answer 26

Hiatal hernia or hiatus hernia

Question 27

Slipping or telescoping of a portion of the bowel into itself

Answer 27

Intussusception

Question 28

Chronic condition characterized by alternating episodes of constipation and diarrhea

Answer 28

Irritable bowel syndrome IBS

Question 29

Condition marked by yellow staining of body tissues and fluids as a result of excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood

Answer 29

Jaundice

Question 30

Inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine

Answer 30

Malabsorption syndrome

Question 31

Nutritional deficiency due to inadequate intake or absorption of protein, vitamins, minerals, or other vital nutrients

Answer 31

Malnutrition

Question 32

Vesicular eruption in or on the mouth caused by herpesvirus

Answer 32

Oral herpes (herpes labialis or cold sore)

Question 33

Infection of the skin or mucous membrane with any species of candida but mainly candida albicans also called candidiasis

Answer 33

Oral thrush

Question 34

Acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas

Answer 34

Pancreatitis

Question 35

Inflamed lesion in the gastric or duodal lining

Answer 35

Peptic ulcer

Question 36

Inflammation of the organs and structures within the peritoneal cavity

Answer 36

Peritonitis

Question 37

Inflammatory condition of both small and large bowels that results in severe watery diarrhea; also commonly called C diff colitis

Answer 37

Pseudomembranous enterocolitis

Question 38

Intestinal infection caused by various types of salmonella organisms

Answer 38

Salmonellosis

Question 39

Malabsorption in malnutrition disorder created by the loss of a significant portion of functioning bowel

Answer 39

Short bowel syndrome

Question 40

Blockage of normal passage of intestinal contents

Answer 40

Small bowel obstruction SBO

Question 41

Chronic inflammatory disease of the lining of the colon and rectum marked by up to 20 liquid, bloody stools per day

Answer 41

Ulcerative colitis

Question 42

Twisting of the bowel upon itself causing obstruction

Answer 42

Volvulus