Chapter 14 Pathologies Flashcards

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1
Q

Ambylopia

A

Disorder in which the brain disregards images from the weaker eye and relies on those from the stronger eye; also called lazy eye

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2
Q

Astigmatism

A

Abnormal curvature of the cornea that distorts the visual image

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3
Q

Blepharitis

A

Non-contagious inflammation of the eyelash follicles in tiny oil glands along the margins of the eyelids

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4
Q

Cataract

A

Cloudiness of the lens due to protein deposits as a result of aging, disease, or trauma as a side effect of tobacco use or certain medications

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5
Q

Central scotoma

A

Blindspot in the center of the visual field surrounded by an area of normal vision

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6
Q

Chalazion

A

Spa small benign cyst in the eyelid formed by distention of meibomian gland with secretions

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7
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Information of the conjunctiva also called pink eye

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8
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Progressive damage to microscopic vessels and other structures of the retina in patients with longstanding diabetes mellitus, which may result in blindness

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9
Q

Ectropion

A

Condition in which the lower eyelid is turned outward and droops more with aging

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10
Q

Entropion

A

Condition in which the eyelid edges are turned inward and rub against the surface of the eye usually affecting the lower eyelid

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11
Q

Glaucoma acute

A

Type of glaucoma in which a sudden blockage of aqueous humor outflow causes a rapid increase in intraocular pressure; can cause vision loss; also called closed angle glaucoma

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12
Q

Glaucoma chronic

A

Type of glaucoma in which the aqueous humor drains too slowly, leading to increasing interoccular pressure; can cause vision loss, also called primary open angle glaucoma

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13
Q

Hordeolum

A

Infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid, also called a stye

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14
Q

Hyperopia

A

Vision defect in which parallel rays focus behind the retina as a result of flattening of the globe of the eye or an error in refraction; commonly called farsightedness

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15
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy

A

Districtive retinal changes caused by hypertension

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16
Q

Keratitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea, usually associated with decreased visual acuity, which may, if untreated, result in blindness

17
Q

Legal blindness

A

Lost in visual acuity that prevents a person from performing work requiring eyesight; defined as a corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or less or a visual field of 20° or less in the better eye

18
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Macular deterioration resulting in central vision loss categorized as either atrophic (dry) or exuditive (wet)

19
Q

Myopia

A

Error of refraction in light rays focus in front of the retina enabling the person to see distinctly for only a short distance; commonly called nearsightedness

20
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary back and forth are cyclical movements of the eyes

21
Q

Opthalmology

A

Study of the structure, function, and diseases of the eye

22
Q

Presbyopia

A

Permanent loss of accommodation of the lens of the eye that occurs as people enter their forties, causing a marked inability to maintain focus on near objects

23
Q

Retinal detachments

A

Separation of the inner sensory layer of the retina from the outer pigment layer, caused by a break in the inner layer that permits vitreous fluid to leak under the retina and lift off its innermost layer; may cause blindness

24
Q

Strabismus

A

Deviation or misalignment of the eyes that may adversely affect depth perception; types include exotropia eyes turned outward, esotropia eyes turned inward, hypertropia eyes turned upward, and hypotropia eyes turn downward

25
Q

Uveitis

A

Non-specific term for any intraocular inflammatory disorder, which may affect the iris, ciliary body, choroid, or other parts of the eye

26
Q

Anacusis

A

Total deafness

27
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

Condition in which a cyst develops in the middle ear

28
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

Inflammation of the labyrinth within the inner ear; also called otitis interna

29
Q

Ménière disease

A

Chronic, non-contigious disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive hearing loss, vertigo, and tetanus; also called labyrinthine hydrops

30
Q

Otitis externa

A

Acute inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal semicolon also called swimmer’s ear

31
Q

Otitis media

A

Inflammation or infection of the middle ear

32
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Chronic progressive deafness caused by spongy bone formation around the oval window with resulting ankylosis of the stapes

33
Q

Presbycusis

A

Progressive loss of hearing with age

34
Q

Tinnitus

A

Perception of ringing, buzzing, tinkling, or hissing sound in the ear

35
Q

Vertigo

A

Feeling of spinning or moving in space