Chapter 14 Pathologies Flashcards
Ambylopia
Disorder in which the brain disregards images from the weaker eye and relies on those from the stronger eye; also called lazy eye
Astigmatism
Abnormal curvature of the cornea that distorts the visual image
Blepharitis
Non-contagious inflammation of the eyelash follicles in tiny oil glands along the margins of the eyelids
Cataract
Cloudiness of the lens due to protein deposits as a result of aging, disease, or trauma as a side effect of tobacco use or certain medications
Central scotoma
Blindspot in the center of the visual field surrounded by an area of normal vision
Chalazion
Spa small benign cyst in the eyelid formed by distention of meibomian gland with secretions
Conjunctivitis
Information of the conjunctiva also called pink eye
Diabetic retinopathy
Progressive damage to microscopic vessels and other structures of the retina in patients with longstanding diabetes mellitus, which may result in blindness
Ectropion
Condition in which the lower eyelid is turned outward and droops more with aging
Entropion
Condition in which the eyelid edges are turned inward and rub against the surface of the eye usually affecting the lower eyelid
Glaucoma acute
Type of glaucoma in which a sudden blockage of aqueous humor outflow causes a rapid increase in intraocular pressure; can cause vision loss; also called closed angle glaucoma
Glaucoma chronic
Type of glaucoma in which the aqueous humor drains too slowly, leading to increasing interoccular pressure; can cause vision loss, also called primary open angle glaucoma
Hordeolum
Infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid, also called a stye
Hyperopia
Vision defect in which parallel rays focus behind the retina as a result of flattening of the globe of the eye or an error in refraction; commonly called farsightedness
Hypertensive retinopathy
Districtive retinal changes caused by hypertension
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea, usually associated with decreased visual acuity, which may, if untreated, result in blindness
Legal blindness
Lost in visual acuity that prevents a person from performing work requiring eyesight; defined as a corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or less or a visual field of 20° or less in the better eye
Macular degeneration
Macular deterioration resulting in central vision loss categorized as either atrophic (dry) or exuditive (wet)
Myopia
Error of refraction in light rays focus in front of the retina enabling the person to see distinctly for only a short distance; commonly called nearsightedness
Nystagmus
Involuntary back and forth are cyclical movements of the eyes
Opthalmology
Study of the structure, function, and diseases of the eye
Presbyopia
Permanent loss of accommodation of the lens of the eye that occurs as people enter their forties, causing a marked inability to maintain focus on near objects
Retinal detachments
Separation of the inner sensory layer of the retina from the outer pigment layer, caused by a break in the inner layer that permits vitreous fluid to leak under the retina and lift off its innermost layer; may cause blindness
Strabismus
Deviation or misalignment of the eyes that may adversely affect depth perception; types include exotropia eyes turned outward, esotropia eyes turned inward, hypertropia eyes turned upward, and hypotropia eyes turn downward
Uveitis
Non-specific term for any intraocular inflammatory disorder, which may affect the iris, ciliary body, choroid, or other parts of the eye
Anacusis
Total deafness
Cholesteatoma
Condition in which a cyst develops in the middle ear
Labyrinthitis
Inflammation of the labyrinth within the inner ear; also called otitis interna
Ménière disease
Chronic, non-contigious disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive hearing loss, vertigo, and tetanus; also called labyrinthine hydrops
Otitis externa
Acute inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal semicolon also called swimmer’s ear
Otitis media
Inflammation or infection of the middle ear
Otosclerosis
Chronic progressive deafness caused by spongy bone formation around the oval window with resulting ankylosis of the stapes
Presbycusis
Progressive loss of hearing with age
Tinnitus
Perception of ringing, buzzing, tinkling, or hissing sound in the ear
Vertigo
Feeling of spinning or moving in space
