Chapter 12 Pathology Flashcards
Congenital hypothyroidism
Congenital condition of thyroid hormone deficiency, characterized by arrested physical and mental development formerly called cretinism
Acromegaly
Type of hyperpituitarism in which an overactive pituitary gland after adulthood causes abnormal continued growth of bones and tissues of the face and extremities
Addison disease
Illness characterized by gradual adrenal gland failure, resulting in insufficient production of steroid hormones and the need for hormone replacement therapy; also called hypoadrenalism and adrenocortical insufficiency
Cushing disease
Disorder caused by hyper secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland, resulting in altered fat distribution and muscle weakness; also called hyperadrenocorticism, hypercortisolism, and hyperadrenalism
Diabetes insipidus
Disorder unrelated to diabetes mellitus, characterized by excessive output of dilute urine
Diabetic ketoacidosis DKA
Condition of severe hyperglycemia
Diabetes mellitus DM
Chronic metabolic disorder which the pancreas secretes insufficient amounts of insulin or the body is insulin resistant
Dwarfism
Hypo secretion of growth hormone during childhood, resulting in an abnormally small adult
Exophthalmos
Abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs
Gestational diabetes
Diabetes that begins during pregnancy due to insulin resistance and alter glucose metabolism
Giantism
Type of hyperpituitarism that causes hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood, resulting in an abnormally large adult
Goiter
Enlarged thyroid gland
Graves disease
Hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune response, which may cause exophthalmos; also called thyroid toxicosis
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Chronic, inflammatory condition that leads to the most common type of thyroiditis; also called chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and autoimmune thyroiditis
Hirsutism
Male pattern of body hair development in females
Hyperaldosteronism
Condition in which the adrenal glands release excessive aldosterone; also called Conn’s syndrome
Hyperparathyroidism
Condition in which the parathyroid glands produce in excessive amount of parathyroid hormone PTH
Hypoparathyroidism
Condition in which the parathyroid glands are hypoactive and as a result the level of parathyroid hormones PTH is too low
Myxedema
Severe form of hypothyroidism that develops in the older child or adult, causing non-pitting edema in connective tissue
Non-diabetic hypoglycemia
Condition in which a non-diabetic person experiences mild symptoms associated with low blood glucose
Panhypopituitarism
Condition resulting from diminished secretion of pituitary hormones; also called underactive pituitary gland
Pheochromocytoma
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (Central part of the adrenal gland), usually benign but sometimes causing fluctuation of stress hormones like adrenaline
Pituitary dwarfism
Type of hypopituitarism in which reduced growth and development occur due to deficiency of growth hormone in childhood
Polydipsia
Much thirst
Polyphagia
Much appetite
Polyuria
Much urination
Precocious puberty
Premature onset of puberty with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics in young children
Retinopathy
Disease of the retina, often caused by diabetes
Thyrotoxicosis
Severe episode of worsening symptoms of hyperthyroidism
