Chapter 5 pathology terms Flashcards
bruising of brain tissue
cerebral contusion
group of motor impairment syndromes caused by lesions or abnormalities of the brain arising in the early stages of development
cerebral palsy
Damage or death of brain tissue caused by interruption of blood supply due to a clot or a vessel rupture, also known as stroke
cerebral vascular accident (CVA)
acute, reversible state of agitated confusion, marked by disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions
delirium
progressive neurological disorder, with numerous causes, in which an individual suffers an irreversible decline in cognition due to disease or brain damage; also called senility
dementia
mood disorder marked by loss of interest in pleasure or living
depression
Inflammation of the brain; often combined with meningitis and then called encephalomeningitis
encephalitis
collection of blood between the dura mater and the skull
epidural hematoma
chronic disorder of brain marked by recurrent seizures, which are repetitive abnormal electric discharges within the brain
epilepsy
acute inflammatory disorder that causes rapidly progressing paralysis (which is usually temporary) and sometimes also sensory symptoms; also known as inflammatory polyneuropathy in acute infective polyneuritis. A variant of it is Miller Fisher syndrome
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)
Hereditary, progressive, degenerative nervous disorder that leads to bizarre, involuntary movements and dementia; also called ________ chorea
huntington’s disease
infection and inflammation of the meninges, the spinal cord, and CSF, usually caused by an infectious illness; often combined with encephalitis and then called encephalomeningitis
meningitis
familial disorder marked by episodes of severe throbbing headache that is commonly unilateral and sometimes disabling
migraine headache
disease involving progressive myelin degeneration, which results in loss of muscle strength and coordination
multiple sclerosis (MS)
incomplete closure of the spinal canal, which may allow protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges at birth, leading to paralysis; also known as spina bifida
neural tube defect
progressive, degenerative disorder that results in tremors, gait changes, and occasionally dementia
parkinson’s disease
dysfunction of nerves that transmit information to and from the brain and spinal cord, characterized by pain, altered sensation, and muscle weakness
peripheral neuropathy
inflammation of the spinal cord, caused by a virus, which may result in spinal and muscular deformity and paralysis
poliomyelitis
serious disease associated with aspirin use by children with viral illnesses, which may result in permanent brain damage or even death
Reye’s syndrome
pain, numbness, weakness, or tingling that is felt from the lower back along the pathway of the sciatic nerve into the legs
sciatica
unilateral painful vesicles occurring on the upper body, caused by the herpes varicella zoster virus; also called herpes zoster or zona
shingles
Traumatic bruising, crushing, or tearing of the spinal cord
spinal cord injury
narrowing of an area of the spine that puts pressure on the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots
spinal stenosis
collection of blood between the dura and the arachnoid layer (middle or second layer of the meninges)
subdural hematoma
non-migraine headache in which pain is felt in all or part of the head
tension headache
non-contagious illness marked by severe, prolonged spasms of skeletal muscle fibers; also known as lockjaw
tetanus
rare disorder, not caused by a neurological event or injury, that causes sudden, temporary loss of recent memory
Transient global amnesia (TGA)
temporary stroke-like symptoms caused by a brief interruption of blood supply to a part of the brain
transient ischemic attack
injury to the brain following a blow to the head, commonly caused by a fall or motor vehicle accident
traumatic brain injury (TBI)
neurological disorder that causes severe, episodic facial pain along the pathway of the fifth cranial nerve; also called tic douloureux
trigeminal neuralgia (TN)
