Chapter 5 pathology terms

Question 1

bruising of brain tissue

Answer 1

cerebral contusion

Question 2

group of motor impairment syndromes caused by lesions or abnormalities of the brain arising in the early stages of development

Answer 2

cerebral palsy

Question 3

Damage or death of brain tissue caused by interruption of blood supply due to a clot or a vessel rupture, also known as stroke

Answer 3

cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

Question 4

acute, reversible state of agitated confusion, marked by disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions

Answer 4

delirium

Question 5

progressive neurological disorder, with numerous causes, in which an individual suffers an irreversible decline in cognition due to disease or brain damage; also called senility

Answer 5

dementia

Question 6

mood disorder marked by loss of interest in pleasure or living

Answer 6

depression

Question 7

Inflammation of the brain; often combined with meningitis and then called encephalomeningitis

Answer 7

encephalitis

Question 8

collection of blood between the dura mater and the skull

Answer 8

epidural hematoma

Question 9

chronic disorder of brain marked by recurrent seizures, which are repetitive abnormal electric discharges within the brain

Answer 9

epilepsy

Question 10

acute inflammatory disorder that causes rapidly progressing paralysis (which is usually temporary) and sometimes also sensory symptoms; also known as inflammatory polyneuropathy in acute infective polyneuritis. A variant of it is Miller Fisher syndrome

Answer 10

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)

Question 11

Hereditary, progressive, degenerative nervous disorder that leads to bizarre, involuntary movements and dementia; also called ________ chorea

Answer 11

huntington’s disease

Question 12

infection and inflammation of the meninges, the spinal cord, and CSF, usually caused by an infectious illness; often combined with encephalitis and then called encephalomeningitis

Answer 12

meningitis

Question 13

familial disorder marked by episodes of severe throbbing headache that is commonly unilateral and sometimes disabling

Answer 13

migraine headache

Question 14

disease involving progressive myelin degeneration, which results in loss of muscle strength and coordination

Answer 14

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 15

incomplete closure of the spinal canal, which may allow protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges at birth, leading to paralysis; also known as spina bifida

Answer 15

neural tube defect

Question 16

progressive, degenerative disorder that results in tremors, gait changes, and occasionally dementia

Answer 16

parkinson’s disease

Question 17

dysfunction of nerves that transmit information to and from the brain and spinal cord, characterized by pain, altered sensation, and muscle weakness

Answer 17

peripheral neuropathy

Question 18

inflammation of the spinal cord, caused by a virus, which may result in spinal and muscular deformity and paralysis

Answer 18

poliomyelitis

Question 19

serious disease associated with aspirin use by children with viral illnesses, which may result in permanent brain damage or even death

Answer 19

Reye’s syndrome

Question 20

pain, numbness, weakness, or tingling that is felt from the lower back along the pathway of the sciatic nerve into the legs

Answer 20

sciatica

Question 21

unilateral painful vesicles occurring on the upper body, caused by the herpes varicella zoster virus; also called herpes zoster or zona

Answer 21

shingles

Question 22

Traumatic bruising, crushing, or tearing of the spinal cord

Answer 22

spinal cord injury

Question 23

narrowing of an area of the spine that puts pressure on the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots

Answer 23

spinal stenosis

Question 24

collection of blood between the dura and the arachnoid layer (middle or second layer of the meninges)

Answer 24

subdural hematoma

Question 25

non-migraine headache in which pain is felt in all or part of the head

Answer 25

tension headache

Question 26

non-contagious illness marked by severe, prolonged spasms of skeletal muscle fibers; also known as lockjaw

Answer 26

tetanus

Question 27

rare disorder, not caused by a neurological event or injury, that causes sudden, temporary loss of recent memory

Answer 27

Transient global amnesia (TGA)

Question 28

temporary stroke-like symptoms caused by a brief interruption of blood supply to a part of the brain

Answer 28

transient ischemic attack

Question 29

injury to the brain following a blow to the head, commonly caused by a fall or motor vehicle accident

Answer 29

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Question 30

neurological disorder that causes severe, episodic facial pain along the pathway of the fifth cranial nerve; also called tic douloureux

Answer 30

trigeminal neuralgia (TN)