Chapter 13 Pathology Flashcards
Adhesive capsulitis
Loss of range of motion in the shoulder, also called frozen shoulder
Anterior cruciate ligament tear
Injury to one of the stabilizing ligaments of the knee, which originates on the anterior portion of the femur
Bursitis
Condition of inflammation of the tiny fluid filled sacs that act as cushions and provide lubrication to decrease friction and irritation between structures such as bones, tendons, muscles, and skin
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Compression of the median nerve, causing pain or numbness in the wrist hand and fingers
Claw toe
Condition in which the metatarsalphalangeal (MTP joint) flexes dorsely while the other joint or joints in the toe flex toward the sole
Contracture
Fibrosis of connective tissue which decreases the mobility of a joint
Crepitation
Greeting sounds from broken Bones, or a clicking or crackling sound from joints
Dislocation
Displacement or separation of a bone from its normal position where it articulates with another bone
Electromyography EMG
Test used to evaluate and record the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles; used to diagnose neuromuscular disorders
Fibromyalgia
Chronic condition marked by pain in the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and soft tissues of the body; also called fibromyositis, fibrositis, and myofibrocitis
Fracture
Condition in which a bone is broken or cracked
Ganglion cyst
Condition in which one or more small benign tumors filled with a thick colorless, gelatinous substance develop over a joint or tendon, usually on the wrist or a back of the hand; sometimes also called a Bible cyst after the old fashioned treatment of bashing it with the biggest book available
Gout
Hereditary form of arthritis, characterized by uric acid accumulation in the joints, especially the great toe
Hallux rigidus
Condition in which degenerative arthritis affects the metatarsophalangeal (MTP joint) at the base of the big toe, causing pain and stiffness
Hallux valgus
Condition in which the big toe is improperly aligned, pointing laterally toward the second toe and creating a large bump on the inner edge of the foot at the base of the big toe; also called a bunion
Hammertoe
Condition in which the toe is bent downward at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint
Herniated disc
Herniation of the soft center of an intervertebral disc
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)
Disorder similar to adult onset RA, with earlier onset and more severe symptoms
Kyphosis
Abnormal increase in the curvature of the thoracic vertebrae, causing hunchback
Lordosis
Abnormal increase in the curvature of the lumbar vertebrae, causing swayback
Mallet toe
Condition in which the toe is bent downward at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint
Medial tibial syndrome
Painful condition involving tiny tears in the muscles and tendons that attach to the anterior tibia; commonly called shin splints
Meniscal tear
Tear of one of the two c-shaped cartilage structures that serve two cushion and stabilize the knee joint, usually caused by twisting force
Muscular dystrophy MD
Hereditary, progressive terminal disease that causes muscle atrophy and death, usually by age 20
Myasthenia gravis
Autoimmune motor disorder that causes progressive muscle fatigue and weakness
Osteitis deformans
Chronic condition in which the process of bone destruction and regrowth of curs abnormally, causing weak, fragile, enlarged, and misshapen bones; also called Paget’s disease
Osteoarthritis
Condition of cartilage deterioration and joint inflammation marked by pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion, most commonly affecting synovial weight-bearing joints and vertebrae; also called the generative joint disease DJD
Osteomalacia
Conditioning of softening and weakening of the bones; when it occurs in children, it is called rickets
Osteomyelitis
Acute or chronic infection within the bone, most commonly affecting the legs, arms, pelvis, and spine
Osteoporosis
Condition characterized by loss of bone mass throughout the skeleton
Pathological fracture
Breaking of diseased, weakened bone from the stress of normal everyday activities
Plantar fasciitis
Painful condition of the supporting structures of the arch of the foot, primarily the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that connects the heel with the toes
Rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune arthritis that causes progressive joint pain in deformity and may affect organ systems
Rotator cuff tear
Traumatic rip of one or more of the muscles or tendons within the rotator cuff of the shoulder
Scoliosis
Abnormal s-shaped lateral curvature of the vertebrae
Sprain
Incomplete or complete tear in ligaments around a joint
Strain
Trauma to a muscle, and sometimes a tendon, due to violent contraction or excessive forcible stretching
Tendonitis
Inflammation of a tendon due to overuse
Thoracic outlet syndrome TOS
Group of painful disorders involving compression of the nerves or vessels in the neck and arms
