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Medical Terminology in a Flash (fourth edition) > Chapter 4 Pathology Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Pathology Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

disease of the sebaceous oil glands and hair follicles in the skin, marked by plugged pores, pimples, cysts, and nodules on the face, neck, chest, back, and other areas

A

acne

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2
Q

scraping away of skin or mucous membranes

A

abrasion

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3
Q

precancerous condition in which rough, scaly patches of skin develop, most commonly on sun-exposed areas such as the scalp, neck, face, ears, lips, hands, and forearms; also known as solar keratosis

A

actinic keratosis

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4
Q

autoimmune disease that results in loss of hair; _____ areata causes patchy hair loss from the scalp; _____ totalis causes total scalp hair loss; _____ universalis causes total body hair loss

A

alopecia

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5
Q

common type of skin cancer that typically appears as a small, shiny papule and eventually enlarges to a form a whitish border around a central depression or ulcer that may bleed

A

basal cell carcinoma

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6
Q

Large blister or skin vesicle filled with fluid

A

bulla

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7
Q

Type of thermal injury to the skin caused by a variety of heat sources; classified according to severity as first degree (superficial), second degree (partial thickness), and third degree (full thickness)

A

burn

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8
Q

thickened, hardened, toughened area of skin caused by frequent or chronic pressure or friction

A

callus

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9
Q

Very large furuncle or cluster of connected furuncles (boils)

A

carbuncle

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10
Q

potentially serious bacterial skin infection marked by pain, redness, edema, warmth, and fever

A

cellulitis

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11
Q

blackhead

A

comedo

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12
Q

Small callus that develops on smooth, hairless skin surfaces, such as the backs of fingers or toes, in response to pressure and friction; hard ones typically develop on the sides of feet and tops of toes; soft ones usually develop between toes

A

corn

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13
Q

Fluid- or solid-containing pouch in or under the skin

A

cyst

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14
Q

area of injury and tissue death caused by unrelieved pressure that impedes circulation in the skin and underlying tissues; also called pressure ulcer or bed sore

A

decubitis ulcer

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15
Q

discoloration of the skin, bruise

A

ecchymosis, contusion

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16
Q

inflammatory skin condition marked by red, hot, dry, scaly, cracked, and itchy skin or blisters

A

eczema

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17
Q

small sack or pouch below the skin surface containing a thick, cheesy substance, appears pale white or yellow but can be darker and dark skinned people

A

epidermoid cyst

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18
Q

small, crack-like break in the skin

A

fissure

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19
Q

inflammation of hair follicles, marked by rash with small red bumps, pustules, tenderness, and itching; common on the neck, armpit, and groin area

A

folliculitis

20
Q

injury that occurs when skin tissues are exposed to temperatures cold enough to cause them to freeze

A

frostbite

21
Q

infection of a hair follicle in nearby tissue, also called a boil; more invasive than folliculitis because it involves the sebaceous gland

A

furuncle

22
Q

bacterial skin infection marked by yellow to red weeping, crusted, or pustular lesions; common in children

A

impetigo

23
Q

surgical cut in the flesh

A

incision

24
Q

surgical cut in the flesh

A

incision

25
Q

Bacterial infection transmitted by ticks, marked by erythema chronicum migrans, a red, circular rash that slowly expands in enlarges; untreated disease that causes multi-system symptoms

A

lyme disease

26
Q

flat, discolored spot on the skin, such as a freckle

A

macule

27
Q

aggressive form of skin cancer that often begins as various colored, asymmetrical lesions larger than 6 mm in diameter

A

malignant melanoma

28
Q

development of irregular areas of darker pigmented skin on the forehead, nose, cheek, and upper lip; also called chloasma or the mask of pregnancy

A

melasma

29
Q

small, raised spot or bump on the skin, such as a mole

A

papule? double check

30
Q

acute or chronic infection of the margins of the fingernail or toenail, marked by warmth, erythema, edema, plus, throbbing, pain, or tenderness; causes the nail to become discolored and thickened

A

paronychia

31
Q

infestation of head, body, or pubic lice, marked by itching, the appearance of lice on the body, and eggs, or nits, attached to hair shafts

A

pediculosis

32
Q

tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots

A

petechiae
(singular petechia)

33
Q

chronic, inflammatory skin disorder marked by the development of silvery white scaly plaques or patches with sharply defined borders and reddened skin beneath

A

psoriasis

34
Q

hole or wound made by sharp, pointed instrument

A

puncture

35
Q

small, pus-filled blister

A

pustule

36
Q

chronic condition that causes flushing and redness of the face, neck, and chest

A

rosacea

37
Q

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, with symptoms of itching, scaly papules, insect burrows, and secondary infected lesions most prevalent in skin folds of the wrists and elbows, between the fingers, under the arms, and the groin, and under the beltline

A

scabies

38
Q

area of skin that is excessively dry and flaky

A

scales

39
Q

small sac or pouch below the skin surface filled with a thick fluid or semi-solid oily substance called sebum

A

sebaceous cyst

40
Q

benign, flat, irregularly shaped skin gross of various colors with a warty, waxy, “stuck on” appearance

A

seborrheic keratosis

41
Q

type of cancer that usually appears in the mouth, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, or vagina and uterine cervix, marked by a firm, red nodule or scaly appearance; may ulcerate

A

squamous cell carcinoma

42
Q

Fungal skin disease occurring on various parts of the body, also cold dermatophytosis or ringworm; forms include _____ capitis (scalp), _____ corporis (trunk), _____ cruris (genital area; jock itch), _____ nodosa (mustache and beard), _____ pedis, and _____ unguium (nails)

A

tinea

43
Q

lesion of the skin or mucous membranes, marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damage tissues

A

ulcer

44
Q

clear, fluid-filled blister

A

vesicle

45
Q

Chronic skin disease that results in patchy loss of skin pigment; may also affect hair color and cause white patches or streaks

A

vitiligo

46
Q

small, benign skin tumor caused by various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV); appearance varies from tiny to moderate size bumps or cauliflower-shaped growths

A

wart

47
Q

rounded, temporary elevation in the skin, white in the center with a red-pink periphery accompanied by itching

A

wheal

Medical Terminology in a Flash (fourth edition) (56 decks)

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