Chapter 4 Pathology Terms Flashcards
disease of the sebaceous oil glands and hair follicles in the skin, marked by plugged pores, pimples, cysts, and nodules on the face, neck, chest, back, and other areas
acne
scraping away of skin or mucous membranes
abrasion
precancerous condition in which rough, scaly patches of skin develop, most commonly on sun-exposed areas such as the scalp, neck, face, ears, lips, hands, and forearms; also known as solar keratosis
actinic keratosis
autoimmune disease that results in loss of hair; _____ areata causes patchy hair loss from the scalp; _____ totalis causes total scalp hair loss; _____ universalis causes total body hair loss
alopecia
common type of skin cancer that typically appears as a small, shiny papule and eventually enlarges to a form a whitish border around a central depression or ulcer that may bleed
basal cell carcinoma
Large blister or skin vesicle filled with fluid
bulla
Type of thermal injury to the skin caused by a variety of heat sources; classified according to severity as first degree (superficial), second degree (partial thickness), and third degree (full thickness)
burn
thickened, hardened, toughened area of skin caused by frequent or chronic pressure or friction
callus
Very large furuncle or cluster of connected furuncles (boils)
carbuncle
potentially serious bacterial skin infection marked by pain, redness, edema, warmth, and fever
cellulitis
blackhead
comedo
Small callus that develops on smooth, hairless skin surfaces, such as the backs of fingers or toes, in response to pressure and friction; hard ones typically develop on the sides of feet and tops of toes; soft ones usually develop between toes
corn
Fluid- or solid-containing pouch in or under the skin
cyst
area of injury and tissue death caused by unrelieved pressure that impedes circulation in the skin and underlying tissues; also called pressure ulcer or bed sore
decubitis ulcer
discoloration of the skin, bruise
ecchymosis, contusion
inflammatory skin condition marked by red, hot, dry, scaly, cracked, and itchy skin or blisters
eczema
small sack or pouch below the skin surface containing a thick, cheesy substance, appears pale white or yellow but can be darker and dark skinned people
epidermoid cyst
small, crack-like break in the skin
fissure
inflammation of hair follicles, marked by rash with small red bumps, pustules, tenderness, and itching; common on the neck, armpit, and groin area
folliculitis
injury that occurs when skin tissues are exposed to temperatures cold enough to cause them to freeze
frostbite
infection of a hair follicle in nearby tissue, also called a boil; more invasive than folliculitis because it involves the sebaceous gland
furuncle
bacterial skin infection marked by yellow to red weeping, crusted, or pustular lesions; common in children
impetigo
surgical cut in the flesh
incision
surgical cut in the flesh
incision
Bacterial infection transmitted by ticks, marked by erythema chronicum migrans, a red, circular rash that slowly expands in enlarges; untreated disease that causes multi-system symptoms
lyme disease
flat, discolored spot on the skin, such as a freckle
macule
aggressive form of skin cancer that often begins as various colored, asymmetrical lesions larger than 6 mm in diameter
malignant melanoma
development of irregular areas of darker pigmented skin on the forehead, nose, cheek, and upper lip; also called chloasma or the mask of pregnancy
melasma
small, raised spot or bump on the skin, such as a mole
papule? double check
acute or chronic infection of the margins of the fingernail or toenail, marked by warmth, erythema, edema, plus, throbbing, pain, or tenderness; causes the nail to become discolored and thickened
paronychia
infestation of head, body, or pubic lice, marked by itching, the appearance of lice on the body, and eggs, or nits, attached to hair shafts
pediculosis
tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots
petechiae
(singular petechia)
chronic, inflammatory skin disorder marked by the development of silvery white scaly plaques or patches with sharply defined borders and reddened skin beneath
psoriasis
hole or wound made by sharp, pointed instrument
puncture
small, pus-filled blister
pustule
chronic condition that causes flushing and redness of the face, neck, and chest
rosacea
contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, with symptoms of itching, scaly papules, insect burrows, and secondary infected lesions most prevalent in skin folds of the wrists and elbows, between the fingers, under the arms, and the groin, and under the beltline
scabies
area of skin that is excessively dry and flaky
scales
small sac or pouch below the skin surface filled with a thick fluid or semi-solid oily substance called sebum
sebaceous cyst
benign, flat, irregularly shaped skin gross of various colors with a warty, waxy, “stuck on” appearance
seborrheic keratosis
type of cancer that usually appears in the mouth, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, or vagina and uterine cervix, marked by a firm, red nodule or scaly appearance; may ulcerate
squamous cell carcinoma
Fungal skin disease occurring on various parts of the body, also cold dermatophytosis or ringworm; forms include _____ capitis (scalp), _____ corporis (trunk), _____ cruris (genital area; jock itch), _____ nodosa (mustache and beard), _____ pedis, and _____ unguium (nails)
tinea
lesion of the skin or mucous membranes, marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damage tissues
ulcer
clear, fluid-filled blister
vesicle
Chronic skin disease that results in patchy loss of skin pigment; may also affect hair color and cause white patches or streaks
vitiligo
small, benign skin tumor caused by various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV); appearance varies from tiny to moderate size bumps or cauliflower-shaped growths
wart
rounded, temporary elevation in the skin, white in the center with a red-pink periphery accompanied by itching
wheal
