Chapter 10 Terminology Flashcards
Urinary System
Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra Filters and excretes waste products from the body, helps regulate blood pressure, and maintain an optimal level of fluid and electrolytes within the body
kidneys
back of the abdominal cavity in the retroperitoneal space, filters blood to produce urine
renal capsule
surrounds the kidneys, made up of connective tissue and a thick layer of fat, adds protection and acts as a shock absorber
electrolytes
the ions in bodily fluids
nephrons
microscopic structures in the outer cortex of the kidneys. Basic unit of structure in the kidneys. Separate water, ions and small molecules from the blood, filters out wastes and toxins, and returns needed molecules to the blood.
Each nephron is composed of
an arteriole, venule, bowman’s capsule, glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule, and capillary bed
glomerulus
capillary cluster within the Bowman’s capsule
filtrate
fluid comprised of water, electrolytes, urea, and other small molecules that pass through the kidneys.
urine
leftover filtrate that was not reabsorbed into the blood stream
medulla
the innermost part of the kidneys
how do the kidneys maintain blood pressure?
by retaining or excreting more fluid and electrolytes
how do the kidney’s maintain a pH of 7.35 - 7.45?
by retaining or excreting buffers and acids as needed
ureters
long, narrow tubes that drain urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
bladder
a flexible, muscular container for urine; its lining is uniquely designed to stretch to accommodate varying amounts of fluid
micturition reflex
urin accumulates in the bladder until the volume reaches a level that stimulates stretch receptors and initiates the _______ ____, which is the urge to urinate.
