Chapter 7 Pathology

Question 1

Late stage infection with the human immunodeficiency virus HIV which progressively weakens immune system

Answer 1

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS

Question 2

Life-threatening systemic allergic reaction to a substance to which the body was previously sensitized

Answer 2

Anaphylaxis

Question 3

Inflammatory response that causes degenerative changes in the spinal vertebrae; sacroiliac joints; connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments in the hips, shoulders, knees, feet, and ribs; in tissues of the lungs, eyes, and heart valves

Answer 3

Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 4

Group of disorders caused when the immune system misidentifies red blood cells as foreign and creates auto antibodies that attack them

Answer 4

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 5

Group of disorders in which persistent or recurrent candida fungal infections develop on the skin, nails, or mucous membranes

Answer 5

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Question 6

Complex chronic disorder marked by severe fatigue and unrelieved by rest, often worsened by mental or physical activity; also called chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome

Answer 6

CFS chronic fatigue syndrome

Question 7

Acute infection that causes sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes; okay also called mononucleosis or gammaherpesviral mononucleosis

Answer 7

Epstein-Barr virus EBV

Question 8

Complication of bone marrow transplantation in which lymphoid cells from donated tissue attack the recipient and cause damage to the skin, liver, GI tract, and other tissues

Answer 8

Graft-versus-host disease

Question 9

Type of lymphatic cancer; also called ________ lymphoma

Answer 9

Hodgkin’s disease

Question 10

Disorder in which a deficiency of platelets results in an abnormal blood clotting, marked by tiny purple bruises (pupura) that form under the skin

Answer 10

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic pupura ITP

Question 11

Cancer of lymphatic tissue not related to Hodgkin disease

Answer 11

Lymphosarcoma

Question 12

Group of more than 30 types of malignancies of B & T lymphocytes; also called lymphoma or malignant lymphoma

Answer 12

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 13

Chronic form of megaloblastic anemia (producing many large, immature, dysfunctional red blood cells) caused by a deficit in the absorption of vitamin B12 that reduces the body’s ability to produce sufficient numbers of healthy red blood cells

Answer 13

Pernicious anemia

Question 14

Process in which specialized white blood cells engulf and destroy microorganisms, for an antigens, and cell debris

Answer 14

Phagocytosis

Question 15

A type of pneumonia associated with AIDS

Answer 15

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Question 16

Disorder that causes the slow onset of muscle weakness and pain in the muscles of the trunk and progresses to affect muscles of the neck, shoulders, back, hip, and possibly hands and fingers

Answer 16

Polymyositis PM

Question 17

Group of chronic autoimmune diseases that cause inflammatory and fibrotic changes to the skin, muscles, joints, tendons, cartilage, and other connective tissues

Answer 17

Scleroderma

Question 18

Autoimmune disorder that causes dysfunction of the salivary glands in the mouth and the lacrimal glands in the eyes and affects other areas of the body ; also known as sicca syndrome

Answer 18

Sjögren syndrome

Question 19

Chronic autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation and degeneration of various connective tissues and organs in the body, such as the skin, lungs, heart, joints, kidneys, blood, or nervous system

Answer 19

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 20

Reaction of antibodies present in the transfused blood to RBCs in the recipient’s blood or of antibodies in the recipient’s blood to RBCs in the transfused blood

Answer 20

Transfusion incompatibility reaction

Question 21

Identification of transplanted tissues by the recipient’s immune system, which responds by attacking the tissue

Answer 21

Transplant rejection

Question 22

Test in which paper or gauze saturated with an allergen is applied to the skin beneath an occlusive dressing and the response is noted

Answer 22

Patch test

Question 23

Test in which an allergen is placed on a scratched area of the skin and the response is noted

Answer 23

Scratch test

Question 24

Measurement of the number of specialized white blood cells sometimes called helper t cells; used to identify whether a person’s HIV infection is worsening

Answer 24

CD4 lymphocyte count

Question 25

Rapid enzyme immunochemical method for identifying the presence of antigens, antibodies or other substances in the blood; used as a primary diagnostic test for many infectious diseases including syphilis and HIV

Answer 25

Enzyme immunosorbent assay EIA

Question 26

Measurement of the number of copies of the HIV in the blood; used to monitor progression of HIV infection and AIDS

Answer 26

Viral load

Question 27

Test used in the diagnosis and monitoring of many diseases that cause acute or chronic inflammation; measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in plasma or saline over a specific period

Answer 27

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR (sed rate)

Question 28

Quick test used to screen for the presence of the heterophile antibody that is present in individuals with Epstein-Barr virus infection

Answer 28

Monospot (heterophile)