Chapter 12 Definitions

Question 1

Endocrine glands

Answer 1

responsible for the sexual maturation of individuals from childhood to adolescence and into adulthood. They play a role in the body’s ability to metabolize food and store energy

Question 2

Pituitary gland

Answer 2

Small, round, pea sized structure attached to the lower surface of the hypothalamus in the brain. Master gland, controls other glands. Anterior and posterior lobe.

Question 3

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes:

Answer 3

Growth Hormone GH, Thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH, Follicle-stimulating hormone FSH, luteinizing hormone LH, Prolactin, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone ACTH

Question 4

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes

Answer 4

Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone ADH

Question 5

Growth Hormone

Answer 5

Promotes the growth of body structures, such as bones

Question 6

Thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH

Answer 6

affects the growth and functioning of the thyroid gland

Question 7

Follicle-stimulating hormone FSH, and luteinizing hormone LH

Answer 7

are referred to as gonadotropins because they act on the gonads, the ovaries in the female, and the testes in the male

Question 8

Prolactin

Answer 8

acts on the mammary glands to produce milk

Question 9

Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

Answer 9

acts on the adrenal glands to secrete glucocorticoids, including cortisol

Question 10

Oxytocin

Answer 10

acts on the uterus to promote contractions during labor and delivery

Question 11

Antidiuretic Hormone ADH

Answer 11

acts on the kidneys to increase the absorption of water

Question 12

pineal gland

Answer 12

referred to as _____ body. in the brain above and behind the thalamus. It produces melatonin

Question 13

melatonin

Answer 13

influences the body’s sleep wake cycle

Question 14

thyroid gland

Answer 14

one of the largest, highly vascular and in the base of the neck. Shaped like the letter H, two lobes on either side of the trachea, which are connected by a thin gland. These produce triiodothyronine T3, and thyroxine T4, and also calcitonin

Question 15

T3, and T4

Answer 15

Responsible for growth throughout childhood and regulation of body metabolism. Iodine is needed in the diet

Question 16

calcitonin

Answer 16

responsible for regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

Question 17

parathyroid glands

Answer 17

lie on the posterior surface of the thyroid. Secrete parathormone PTH, also called parathyroid hormone.

Question 18

Parathyroid Hormone PTH

Answer 18

also help regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

Question 19

adrenal glands

Answer 19

located on top of each kidney. Made up of an outer layer called the adrenal cortex, and an inner part called the adrenal medulla. Secrete: Epinephrine, aldosterone, cortisol, androgens

Question 20

Epinephrine

Answer 20

released during fight-or-flight response. It enables the body to respond quickly to stressful situations by converting glycogen into glucose for quick energy, increasing the heart rate, and improving blood flow to major organs, skeletal muscles, and the brain.

Question 21

Aldosterone

Answer 21

plays a role in regulating and maintaining the body’s water, sodium, and electrolyte balance

Question 22

Cortisol

Answer 22

is the body’s natural steroid and works to decrease inflammation

Question 23

Androgens

Answer 23

responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in females and males

Question 24

pancreas

Answer 24

Endocrine portion includes the pancreatic islets, clusters of cells islets of Langerhans. Beta cells of the pancreatic islets create insulin. Alpha cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon.

Question 25

thymus gland

Answer 25

consists of two symmetrical lobes located in the mediastinum. Shrinks as people age. Main function is to produce T lymphocytes that are necessary for the immune system.

Question 26

reproductive glands (gonads)

Answer 26

ovaries and testes

Question 27

estrogen

Answer 27

develop breasts and pubic hair. Plays a role in menstrual cycle, and important in the prevention of osteoporosis in post menopausal women

Question 28

Progesterone

Answer 28

prepares the uterus for pregnancy and helps to support the developing fetus

Question 29

testosterone

Answer 29

deepening of voice, growth of facial or pubic hair, increased muscle development. Also helps in the production of sperm

Question 30

Negative feedback system

Answer 30

maintain homeostasis