Chapter 6 Definitions Flashcards
the area slightly to the left of your chest where your heart sits
mediastinum
three layers of the heart from the outside in
Epicardium, outside lining
Myocardium, middle muscular layer
Endocardium, inner lining
Fibrous lining that encloses the heart and contains fluid
Pericardium
Contained in the pericardium, acts as a lubricant that reduces friction as the heart contracts and relaxes
Pericardial fluid
Upper chambers of the heart, perform 30% of the work
Atria
Lower chambers of the heart, 70% of the work
Ventricles
Largest and most muscular chamber because it pumps blood
Left ventricle
What divides the heart into left and right sides?
Septum
Separates right atrium from right ventricle, carries deoxygenated blood
Tricuspid valve
Separates left atrium from left ventricle, carries oxygenated blood
mitral or bicuspid valve
separates right ventricle from pulmonary arteries, contains deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary valve
Separates the left ventricle from the aorta, carries oxygenated blood
Aortic valve
Largest part of the heart, lower left area, best for auscultating, where the apical pulse is best heard
Apex
Listening to
Auscultating
Felt over the left side of the heart, on the apex, listening to it is the best method of heart rate
apical pulse
Only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary arteries
Blood returns to the heart via:
Inferior and superior vena cava
Only veins that carry oxygenated blood
Pulmonary veins
Oxygen rich, away from heart
Arteries
Oxygen poor, to heart
Veins
Small arteries
Arterioles
Small veins
Venules
Smallest vessels, one cell thick
Capillaries
Contain one way valves that facilitate circulation by preventing backflow of blood
Veins
Fatty, plaque like substance is composed of
Cholesterol
Blocked
Occluded
Pacemaker, cluster of specialized cells in the right atrium, initiates an electrical impulse resulting in depolarization of the heart
SA, or sinoatrial node
Normal rhythm
Normal sinus rhythm
Within the floor of the right atrium, a backup pacemaker. Receives the impulse from the SA node and transmits it downward to both ventricles via bundle of His (in the septum) and through the purkinje fibers throughout the ventricles
AV node, atrioventricular node
Cardiac cycle
Look up and study
upper number, Highest pressure exerted against artery walls during ventricular contraction, or systole
Systolic pressure
Lower number, reflects the lowest pressure exerted against artery walls during diastole
Diastolic pressure
Ventricular relaxation
Diastole
Ventricular contraction
Systole
Large arteries in the body that have a strong pulse and easily palpated
Pulse points, sometimes called pressure points
