Chapter 11 Pathology

Question 1

Bartholin’s gland cyst

Answer 1

blockage of one or both Bartholin’s glands, causing inflammation and tenderness

Question 2

amenorrhea

Answer 2

absence of menses in a woman between the ages of 16 and 40

Question 3

candidiasis

Answer 3

vaginal fungal infection caused by Candida albicans, with key symptoms including itching, burning, and a thick, curdy discharge; also known as a vaginal yeast infection

Question 4

dysmenorrhea

Answer 4

pain in the lower abdominopelvic area and other discomfort associated with menses

Question 5

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 5

implantation of a fertilized ovum outside of the uterus, often in the fallopian tube; also called tubal pregnancy

Question 6

endometriosis

Answer 6

growth of endometrial tissue in abnormal sites in the lower abdominopelvic area

Question 7

abortion

Answer 7

spontaneous or therapeutic loss of a pregnancy at less than 20 weeks; also called miscarriage

Question 8

abruptio placentae

Answer 8

sudden, premature detachment of the placenta from the uterine wall

Question 9

eclampsia

Answer 9

complication of pregnancy characterized by severe hypertension, seizures, and possible coma

Question 10

gestational diabetes

Answer 10

development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a pregnant woman who did not have diabetes before becoming pregnant

Question 11

placenta previa

Answer 11

implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment rather than the central or upper portion of the uterine wall, which may cause maternal hemorrhage during labor

Question 12

balanoposthitis

Answer 12

inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin covering the glans penis; also called balanitis

Question 13

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

Answer 13

noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, common in elderly men

Question 14

cryptorchidism

Answer 14

failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum

Question 15

epididymitis

Answer 15

acute or chronic inflammation or infection of the epididymis, a tubular structure on the posterior surface of the testicle

Question 16

erectile dysfunction ED

Answer 16

general term that describes several disorders, all of which affect the ability of a man to attain an erection adequate to achieve a satisfactory sexual experience; also called impotence

Question 17

impotence

Answer 17

inability of a male to achieve ore maintain an erection

Question 18

orchitis

Answer 18

acute or chronic condition of inflammation of one or both testicles, caused by (usually viral) infection

Question 19

prostatitis

Answer 19

acute or chronic inflammation of the prostate gland

Question 20

testicular torsion

Answer 20

condition in which the testicles become twisted and the spermatic cord, blood vessels, nerves, and vas deferens become strangled

Question 21

varicocele

Answer 21

enlargement and dilation or herniation of the veins of the spermatic cord that drains the testis

Question 22

chlamydia

Answer 22

the most common STI, a bacterial infection caused by _______ trachomatis

Question 23

gonorrhea

Answer 23

STI caused by Neisseria Gonorrhoea that results in inflammation of mucous membranes

Question 24

Herpes genitalis

Answer 24

STI caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 that results in painful vesicles; commonly called genital herpes

Question 25

human papillomavirus

Answer 25

STI caused by ____ __________ that results in painless, cauliflower-like warts; a cause of cervical cancer in women

Question 26

sterility

Answer 26

inability to produce offspring

Question 27

syphilis

Answer 27

multistage STI caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, with key symptoms including skin lesions; eventually fatal unless treated

Question 28

trichomoniasis

Answer 28

STI infestation with Trichomonas vaginalis parasites; key symptoms include vaginitis, urethritis, and cystitis

Question 29

Fibrocystic breast disease

Answer 29

Presence of multiple lumps in the breast, consisting of fibrous tumors or fluid filled cysts

Question 30

Infertility

Answer 30

Inability to achieve pregnancy after trying to conceive for a period of 1 year or more; may be primary, which is an inability to conceive a first child, or secondary, which is infertility in a woman who has previously conceived

Question 31

Ovarian cyst

Answer 31

Sac of fluid or semi solid mass that grows within the ovary

Question 32

Pelvic inflammatory disease PID

Answer 32

Any acute or chronic infection of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

Question 33

Premenstrual syndrome

Answer 33

A range of symptoms occurring 7-14 days before menstruation, including fluid retention, bloating, temporary weight gain, breast tenderness, headaches, depression, irritability, diarrhea, constipation, and appetite changes

Question 34

TSS toxic shock syndrome

Answer 34

Rare disorder caused by bacterial exotoxins; most commonly occurs in young women who use tampons

Question 35

Uterine fibroids

Answer 35

Benign, smooth tumors made of muscle and fat; also called leiomyomas

Question 36

Uterine prolapse

Answer 36

Downward protrusion of the uterus into the vaginal opening