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►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES > Chapter 7 The Respiratory System A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 7 The Respiratory System A&P Flashcards

1
Q

supplies the blood with oxygen for transportation to the cells in all parts of the body

A

respiratory system

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2
Q

consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea

A

upper respiratory tract

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3
Q

consists of the bronchial tree and lungs

A

lower respiratory tract

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4
Q

interior portion of the nose

A

nasal cavity

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5
Q

are the external openings of the nose

A

nostrils

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6
Q

is a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections

A

nasal septum

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7
Q

is a wall that separates two chambers

A

septum

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8
Q

the thin hairs located just inside the nostrils, filter incoming air to remove debris

A

cilia

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9
Q

line the nose. specialized tissue also line the digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems as well as other parts of the respiratory system

A

mucous membranes

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10
Q

is a slippery secretion produced by the mucous membrane that protects and lubricates these tissues

A

mucus

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11
Q

are nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell

A

olfactory receptors

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12
Q

are part of the lymphatic system. protect the body from infection coming through the nose or the mouth

A

tonsils and adenoids

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13
Q

which are air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, are located in the bone of the skull

A

paranasal sinus

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14
Q

can be a sac or cavity in any organ or tissue

A

sinus

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15
Q

are located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows

A

frontal sinuses

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16
Q

are located in the sphenoid bone behind the eye under the pituitary gland, are close to the optic nerves, and an infection here can damage vision

A

sphenoid sinuses

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17
Q

which are the largest of the paranasal sinuses, are located in the maxillary bones under the eyes

A

maxillary sinuses

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18
Q

are located in the ethmoid bones between the nose and the eyes, are irregularly shaped air cells that are separated from the orbital cavity by only a thin layer of bone

A

ethmoid sinuses

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19
Q

is commonly known as the throat, receives the air after it passes through the nose or mouth as well as food

A

pharynx

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20
Q

is the first division of the pharynx, is posterior to the nasal cavity and continues downward to behind the mouth. only used by the respiratory system

A

nasopharynx

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21
Q

is the second division of the pharynx, is the portion that is visible when looking into the mouth. shared by the respiratory and digestive systems

A

oropharynx

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22
Q

is the third division of the pharynx, is also shared by both respiratory and digestive systems (primarily digestive system function)

A

laryngopharynx

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23
Q

also known as the voice box, is a triangular chamber located between the pharynx and the trachea

A

larynx

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24
Q

is the largest, and when enlarged it projects from the front of the throat and is commonly known as the Adam’s apple

A

thyroid cartilage

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25
Q

is a lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue, swings downward and closes off the laryngopharynx so that food does not enter the trachea and the lungs

A

epiglottis

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26
Q

is to transport air to and from the lungs. this tube, which is commonly known as the windpipe, is located directly in front of the esophagus

A

trachea

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27
Q

are two large tubes, also known as primary bronchi, which branch out from the trachea and convey air into the two lungs

A

bronchi

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28
Q

each primary bronchus divides and subdivides into increasingly smaller structures, which are the smallest branches of the bronchi

A

bronchioles

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29
Q

also known as air sacs, are the very small grape-like clusters found at the end of each bronchiole. where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

A

alveoli

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30
Q

means relating to or affecting the lungs

A

pulmonary

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31
Q

detergent-like substance, which reduces the surface tension of the fluid in the lungs

A

surfactant

32
Q

are the essential organs of respiration, are divided into lobes

33
Q

is a subdivision or part of an organ

34
Q

is the larger and has three lobes: the upper, middle, and lower (or superior, middle, and inferior)

A

right lung

35
Q

has only two lobes, the upper and lower, due to space restrictions because the heart is located on that side of the body

36
Q

is the middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs

A

mediastinum

37
Q

is a thin, moist, and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity

38
Q

is the outer layer of pleura. lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

A

parietal pleura

39
Q

is the inner layer of pleura that covers each lung, is attached directly to the lungs

A

visceral pleura

40
Q

is the thin fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes

A

pleural cavity

41
Q

is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen

42
Q

stimulates the diaphragm and causes it to contract

A

phrenic nerves

43
Q

or breathing, is the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide that is essential to life

A

respiration

44
Q

is the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward

A

inhalation

45
Q

is the act of breathing out. diaphragm relaxes, it moves upward

A

exhalation

46
Q

is the act of bringing air in and out of the lungs from the outside environment and in the process, exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide

A

external respiration

47
Q

is the exchange of gases within the cells of the blood and tissues

A

internal respiration (cellular respiration)

48
Q

known as an ENT (ear, nose, throat), is a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck

A

otolaryngologist

49
Q

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

A

pulmonologist

50
Q

performs operations on the organs inside the thorax, or chest, including the heart, lungs, and esophagus

A

thoracic surgeon

51
Q

is the narrowing of the airway that develops after 5 to 15 minutes of physical exertion

A

exercise-induced asthma

52
Q

is a therapeutic technique to remove excess mucus from the lungs

A

chest percussion

53
Q

is a condition that can be brought on by the decreased oxygen in the air at higher altitudes, usually above 8,000 feet

A

altitude hypoxia (altitude sickness)

54
Q

is a state of asphyxia or suffocation. oxygen levels in the blood drop quickly, carbon dioxide levels rise, and unless the patient’s breathing is restored within a few minutes, death or serious brain damage follows

A

asphyxiation

55
Q

is an important vital sign. count of the number of breaths

A

respiratory rate

56
Q

such as rale, rhonchi, and stridor provide information about the condition of the lungs

A

respiratory sounds

57
Q

is a flexible, fiber-optic device that is passed through the nose or mouth and down the airways

A

bronchoscope

58
Q

is a small tube that divides into two nasal prongs

A

nasal cannula

59
Q

allows the exhaled breath to be partially reused, delivering up to 60% oxygen

A

rebreather mask

60
Q

allows higher levels of oxygen to be added to the air taken in by the patient

A

non-rebreather mask

61
Q

or bag valve mask, is an emergency resuscitator used to assist ventilation

A

ambu bag (bag valve mask)

62
Q

is the escape of fluid from blood or lymphatic vessels into the tissues or into a body cavity

63
Q

is a dangerous form of tuberculosis because the germs have become resistant to the effect of the primary TB drugs

A

multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

64
Q

is lobar pneumonia involving both lungs and is usually a form of bacterial pneumonia

A

double pneumonia

65
Q

is the only form of pneumonia that can be prevented through vaccination

A

pneumococcal pneumonia*

66
Q

describes abnormal changes in the rate or depth of breathing

A

breathing disorders

67
Q

is a simpler version of this test in which the larynx is viewed by shining a light on an angled mirror held at the back of the soft palate

A

indirect laryngoscopy

68
Q

is a procedure in which a sample of mucus is coughed up from the lungs and then examined under a microscope to detect cancer cells

A

sputum cytology

69
Q

is performed using an instrument with several small prongs called tines

A

tuberculin tine test

70
Q

such as inhaled corticosteroids, are long-acting medications taken daily to prevent attacks

A

controller medicines

71
Q

are taken at the first sign of an attack to dilate the airways and make breathing easier

A

quick-relief or rescue medicines

72
Q

is the insertion of a tube, usually for the passage of air or fluids

A

intubation

73
Q

means a surgically created opening on a body surface

74
Q

is a harsh, high-pitched sound caused by a blockage present when breathing in

75
Q

means sudden or spasm-like

A

paroxysmal

76
Q

is a systemic bacterial infection in the bloodstream

►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES (65 decks)

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