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►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES > Chapter 5 The Cardiovascular System A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 5 The Cardiovascular System A&P Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards U.S. Geography flashcards
1
Q

means pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

A

cardiovascular

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2
Q

is a hollow, muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs

A

heart

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3
Q

is the lower tip of the heart

A

apex

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4
Q

is the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

A

pericardium (pericardial sac)

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5
Q

means pertaining to a membrane

A

membranous

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6
Q

is a fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the heart

A

parietal pericardium

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7
Q

is found between these two layers, where it acts as a lubricant to prevent friction as the heart beats

A

pericardial fluid

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8
Q

is the inner layer of the pericardium that also forms the outer layer of the heart

A

visceral pericardium

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9
Q

is the external layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium

A

epicardium

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10
Q

is the middle and thickest of the heart’s three layers

A

myocardium

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11
Q

consists of epithelial tissue, is the inner lining of the heart

A

endocardium

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12
Q

supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium

A

coronary arteries

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13
Q

are the two upper chambers of the heart, and these chambers are divided by interatrial septum

A

atria

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14
Q

are the two lower chambers of the heart, and these chambers are divided by interventricular septum

A

ventricles

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15
Q

controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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16
Q

is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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17
Q

is located between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

mitral valve (bicuspid)

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18
Q

is located between the left ventricle and the aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

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19
Q

is the flow of blood only between the heart and lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

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20
Q

carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs

A

pulmonary arteries

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21
Q

carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart

A

pulmonary veins

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22
Q

includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs

A

systemic circulation

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23
Q

is the ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body. consists of contraction and relaxation

A

heartbeat

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24
Q

the rate and regularity of the heartbeat from nerves that stimulate the myocardium of the chambers of the heart

A

conduction system

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25
Q

is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava; establishes basic rhythm and is known as the pacemaker

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

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26
Q

located on the floor of the right atrium near the interatrial septum

A

antrioventricular (AV) node

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27
Q

is a group of fibers located within the interventricular septum. carry an electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions

A

bundle of His

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28
Q

are specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles. this stimulation that causes the ventricles to contract

A

Purkinje fibers

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29
Q

refers to the normal beating of the heart

A

sinus rhythm

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30
Q

is due to the stimulation (contraction) of the atria

A

P wave

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31
Q

shows the stimulation (contraction) of the ventricles. the atria relax as the ventricles contract

A

QRS complex

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32
Q

is the recovery (relaxation) of the ventricles

A

T wave

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33
Q

are large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body

A

arteries

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34
Q

means within an artery or pertaining to the inner portion of an artery

A

endarterial

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35
Q

is bright red in color because it is oxygen rich.

A

arterial blood

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36
Q

is the largest blood vessel in the body.

A

aorta

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37
Q

are the major arteries that carry blood upward to the head

A

carotid arteries

38
Q

is located on each side of the neck

A

common carotid artery

39
Q

which brings oxygen-rich blood to the brain

A

internal carotid artery

40
Q

brings blood to the face

A

external carotid artery

41
Q

are the smaller, thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries

A

arterioles

42
Q

are only one epithelial cell in thickness, are the smallest blood vessels in the body

A

capillaries

43
Q

form a low-pressure collecting system to return oxygen-poor blood to the heart

A

veins

44
Q

are the smallest veins that joint to form the larger veins

A

venules

45
Q

veins located within the tissues and away from the body surface

A

deep veins

46
Q

are the two largest veins in the body. return blood into the heart

A

venae cavae

47
Q

transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart

A

superior vena cava

48
Q

transports blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart

A

inferior vena cava

49
Q

is the rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart

A

pulse

50
Q

is the measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries

A

blood pressure

51
Q

occurs when the ventricles contract, is the highest pressure against the walls of an artery

A

systolic pressure

52
Q

means contraction of the heart

A

systole

53
Q

occurs when the ventricles are relaxed, is the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery

A

diastolic pressure

54
Q

is a straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products

A

plasma

55
Q

is plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed

A

serum

56
Q

are the clotting proteins found in the plasma

A

fibrinogen and prothrombin

57
Q

also known as a red blood cell. role of these cells is to transport oxygen to the tissues

A

erythrocytes

58
Q

which is the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocyte

A

hemoglobin

59
Q

also known as white blood cells. are the blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms

A

leukocytes

60
Q

most common type of WBC (bacterial infections)

A

neutrophils

61
Q

least common type of WBC, responsible for causing symptoms of allergies (histamines)

A

basophils

62
Q

are formed in red bone marrow, and migrate to tissues. destroy parasitic organisms and play a role in allergic reactions

A

eosinophils

63
Q

identify foreign substance and germs (bacteria or viruses) in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them

A

lymphocytes

64
Q

are formed in red bone marrow. provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms

A

monocytes

65
Q

are the two phagocytitic blood cells

A

monocytes; neutrophils

66
Q

also known as platelets, are the smallest formed element. play a role in clotting

A

thrombocytes

67
Q

what are the three formed elements of blood

A

erythrocytesleukocytesthrombocytes

68
Q

is any substance that the body regards as being foreign

A

antigen

69
Q

four major blood types

A

A, AB, B, and O

70
Q

defines the presence of absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells

A

Rh factor

71
Q

have Rh antigen

A

Rh positive

72
Q

do not have Rh antigen

A

Rh negative

73
Q

are gases that are normally in the liquid portion of blood

A

blood gases

74
Q

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the heart

A

cardiologist

75
Q

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissues

A

hematologist

76
Q

is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment of disorders of the blood vessels

A

vascular surgeon

77
Q

is a disease of the heart muscle that causes the heart to become enlarged and to pump less strongly

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

78
Q

means pertaining to sudden occurrence

A

paroxysmal

79
Q

is the flow of blood through the vessels of an organ

A

perfusion

80
Q

caused by a thrombus

A

thrombotic

81
Q

means blockage

A

occlusion

82
Q

is consistently elevated blood pressure of unknown cause

A

essential hypertension (primary hypertension or idiopathic hypertension)

83
Q

is caused by a different medical problem, such as kidney disorder or a tumor on the adrenal glands

A

secondary hypertension

84
Q

is characterized by very high blood pressure.

A

malignant hypertension

85
Q

the process of clotting blood

A

coagulation

86
Q

what color is arterial blood

A

bright red

87
Q

is the lack of blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle

A

cardiac ischemia

88
Q

occurs during exertion (exercise) and resolves with rest. form of angina

A

stable angina

89
Q

may occur either during exertion or rest, and is a precursor to a myocardial infarction

A

unstable angina

90
Q

means a sudden insufficiency of blood

A

infarction

91
Q

is a localized area of dead tissue caused by a lack of blood

A

infarct

►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES (65 decks)

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