Chapter 2 The Human Body in Health and Disease Medical Terms

Question 1

surgical removal of a gland

Answer 1

adenectomy

Question 2

inflammation of a gland

Answer 2

adenitis

Question 3

carcinoma derived from glandular tissue

Answer 3

adenocarcinoma

Question 4

benign tumor that arises from, or resembles, glandular tissue

Answer 4

adenoma

Question 5

abnormal softening of a gland

Answer 5

adenomalacia

Question 6

abnormal hardening of a gland

Answer 6

adenosclerosis

Question 7

any disease or condition of a gland

Answer 7

adenosis

Question 8

occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze

Answer 8

airborne transmission

Question 9

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

Answer 9

anaplasia

Question 10

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

Answer 10

anomaly

Question 11

the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

Answer 11

aplasia

Question 12

the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood

Answer 12

bloodborne transmission

Question 13

any condition that is transmitted from one person to another by either direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects

Answer 13

communicable disease (contagious disease)

Question 14

an abnormal condition that exists at the time before birth

Answer 14

congenital disorder

Question 15

a life threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

Answer 15

cystic fibrosis

Question 16

disorder than can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of any extra toe

Answer 16

development disorder (birth defect)

Question 17

a genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease

Answer 17

down syndrome

Question 18

abnormally development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

Answer 18

dysplasia

Question 19

refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area

Answer 19

endemic

Question 20

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

Answer 20

epidemic

Question 21

the study of the causes of diseases

Answer 21

etiology

Question 22

condition characterized by growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, and socialization difficulties, caused by the mother’s consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy

Answer 22

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 23

caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill pathogens that are present

Answer 23

food-born and waterborne transmission (fecal-oral transmission)

Question 24

a condition that produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

Answer 24

function disorder

Question 25

a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

Answer 25

genetic disorder (hereditary disorder)

Question 26

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

Answer 26

hemophilia

Question 27

the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Answer 27

homeostasis

Question 28

a genetic disorder that causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife

Answer 28

Huntington’s disease

Question 29

the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells

Answer 29

hyperplasia

Question 30

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissue

Answer 30

hypertrophy

Question 31

the incomplete development of an organ or tissue

Answer 31

hypoplasia

Question 32

an unfavorable response due to a prescribed medical treatment

Answer 32

iatrogenic illness

Question 33

an illness with out known cause

Answer 33

idiopathic disorder

Question 34

refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface

Answer 34

indirect contact transmission

Question 35

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

Answer 35

infectious disease

Question 36

a group of more than 30 genetic disorders that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system

Answer 36

muscular dystropy

Question 37

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

Answer 37

nosocomial infection

Question 38

a disorder that produces symptoms caused by detectable changes in the body

Answer 38

organic disorder

Question 39

an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

Answer 39

pandemic

Question 40

a disease-producing microorganism

Answer 40

pathogen

Question 41

inflammation of the peritoneum

Answer 41

peritonitis

Question 42

a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing

Answer 42

phenylketonuria

Question 43

the mother’s health, behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery

Answer 43

prenatal influences

Question 44

a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash

Answer 44

rubella

Question 45

a fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain

Answer 45

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 46

the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector (insect or animals that are capable of transmitting a disease)

Answer 46

vector-born transmission