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►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES > Chapter 4 The Muscular System A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 4 The Muscular System A&P Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards U.S. Geography flashcards
1
Q

are the long, slender cells that make up muscles

A

muscle fibers

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2
Q

is a band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscle or groups of muscles

A

fascia

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3
Q

means pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

A

myofascial

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4
Q

is a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

A

tendon

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5
Q

is a sheet-like fibrous connective tissue, which resembles a flattened tendon that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of connecting muscle to bone

A

aponeurosis

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6
Q

are attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible

A

skeletal muscle

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7
Q

are located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands

A

smooth muscle

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8
Q

also known as myocardium, form the muscular walls of the heart

A

myocardial (cardiac) muscle

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9
Q

what are the characteristics of skeletal muscle

A

voluntary, striated, and multiple eccentric nuclei

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10
Q

what are the characteristics of smooth muscle

A

involuntary, non-striated

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11
Q

what are the characteristics of cardiac muscle

A

involuntary, striated, and one centrally located nucleus

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12
Q

is the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

A

muscle innervation

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13
Q

means pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

A

neuromuscular

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14
Q

refers to working in opposition to each other

A

antagonistic

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15
Q

is the tightening of a muscle

A

contraction

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16
Q

occurs when a muscle returns to its original form

A

relaxation

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17
Q

is the movement of a limb away from the midline

A

abduction

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18
Q

is the movement of a limb toward the midline

A

adduction

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19
Q

is the act of raising or lifting a body part

A

elevation

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20
Q

is the act of lowering a body part

A

depression

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21
Q

is a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint

A

rotation

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22
Q

is the circular movement at the far end of a limb

A

circumduction

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23
Q

means decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

A

flexion

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24
Q

means increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb

A

extension

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25
Q

is the extreme or overextension of a limb or body party

A

hyperextension

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26
Q

turns a body part on its axis

A

rotator muscle

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27
Q

is the group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder

A

rotator cuff

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28
Q

is the act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward

A

supination

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29
Q

is the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

A

pronation

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30
Q

is the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

A

dorsiflexion

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31
Q

is the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle

A

plantar flexion

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32
Q

means pertaining to the sole of the foot

A

plantar

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33
Q

is where the muscle begins; located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton

A

origin

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34
Q

is where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon. is more movable attachment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body

A

insertion

35
Q

muscle helps bend the neck and rotate the head

A

sternocleidomastoid

36
Q

muscle inserts at one point of insertion into the mastoid process

A

mastoid muscle

37
Q

are the pair of muscles that make flexion and extension of the wrist possible

A

flexor carpi muscles and extensor carpi muscles

38
Q

is a thick, fan shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall

A

pectoralis major muscle

39
Q

means toward the side

A

lateralis

40
Q

is a muscle toward the outer side of the leg

A

vastus lateralis

41
Q

means toward the midline

A

medialis

42
Q

is a muscle toward the midline of the leg

A

vastus medialis

43
Q

means slanted or at an angle

A

oblique

44
Q

means in a straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

A

rectus

45
Q

is a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

A

sphincter

46
Q

means in a crosswise direction

A

transverse

47
Q

is the largest muscle of the buttocks

A

gluteus maximus

48
Q

located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three muscles

A

hamstrings group

49
Q

what three muscles make up the hamstrings

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

50
Q

what is the function of the hamstrings

A

knee flexion, and hip extension

51
Q

is in the forehead. raises and lowers eyebrows

A

frontalis (occipitofrontalis)

52
Q

muscle moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

A

temporalis

53
Q

which is one of the strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing

A

masseter

54
Q

makes up the bulk of the chest muscles

A

pectoralis major

55
Q

muscles flex and rotate the vertebral column, also flex torso and compress the abdomen

A

external oblique

56
Q

flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help breathe, and rotate the spine

A

internal oblique

57
Q

helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine

A

rectus abdominus

58
Q

is located on the side of the abdomen. called the core muscle

A

transverse abdominus

59
Q

forms the muscular cap of the shoulder

A

deltoid muscle

60
Q

muscle moves the head and shoulder blade

A

trapezius muscle

61
Q

located in the anterior upper arm, flexes the elbow

A

biceps brachii

62
Q

located in the posterior upper arm, extends the elbow

A

triceps brachii

63
Q

extends the leg at the knee

A

rectus femoris

64
Q

is made up of four muscles

A

quadriceps femoris

65
Q

is the calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward

A

gastrocnemius

66
Q

is a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs

A

exercise physiologist

67
Q

is a physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function

A

neurologist

68
Q

is a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

A

physiatrist

69
Q

specializes in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles

A

sports medicine physician

70
Q

means a condition causing weakness

A

debilitating

71
Q

refers to adhesions forming in the capsule of connective tissue in the shoulder

A

frozen shoulder

72
Q

means deterioration or breaking down

A

degeneration

73
Q

means the process of becoming worse

A

deterioration

74
Q

means coming and going at intervals

A

intermittent

75
Q

means limping

A

claudication

76
Q

means pertaining to night

A

nocturnal

77
Q

are tender areas that most commonly develop where the fascia comes into contact with a muscle

A

trigger points

78
Q

pain that originates in one area of the body, but is felt in another

A

referred pain

79
Q

means the person has some function below the level of the injury

A

incomplete injury

80
Q

means that there is complete loss of sensation and muscle control below the level of the injury

A

complete injury

81
Q

is an involuntary response to stimulus

A

reflex

82
Q

is characterized by pain on the outer side of the forearm

A

lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

83
Q

is characterized by pain on the palm-side of the forearm

A

medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow)

►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES (65 decks)

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