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►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES > Chapter 6 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 6 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Medical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

the advanced stage of an HIV infection

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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2
Q

carcinoma derived from glandular tissue

A

adenocarcinoma

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3
Q

cancer treatment used after the primary treatments have been completed to decrease the chance that a cancer will recur

A

adjuvant therapy

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4
Q

a substance that produces an allergic response in an individual

A

allergen

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5
Q

occurs when the body’s immune system reacts to a harmless allergen as if it were a dangerous invader

A

allergic reaction

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6
Q

an overreaction by the body to a particular antigen

A

allergy (hypersensitivity)

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7
Q

a severe, systemic response to an allergen

A

anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)

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8
Q

the process through which the tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply

A

angiogenesis

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9
Q

a contagious disease that can be transmitted through livestock

A

anthrax

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10
Q

cancer treatment that disrupts the blood supply to the tumor

A

antiangiogenesis

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11
Q

medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacteria

A

antibiotics

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12
Q

a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen

A

antibody

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13
Q

an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi

A

antifungal (antimycotic)

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14
Q

administered to block and control allergic reactions

A

antihistamines

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15
Q

medication that blocks the development, growth, or proliferation of malignant cells

A

antineoplastic

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16
Q

medication administered to treat viral infections or to provide temporary immunity

A

antiviral drug

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17
Q

a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against the body’s own tissues

A

autoimmune disorder (autoimmune disease)

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18
Q

rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria

A

bacilli

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19
Q

one-celled microscopic organisms

A

bacteria

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20
Q

a substance that causes the death of bacteria

A

bactericide

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21
Q

a noninvasive method of diagnosing lymphedema by measuring the limb’s resistance to an electrical current

A

bioimpedance spectroscopy

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22
Q

a carcinoma that develops from the cells of the breast and can spread to adjacent lymph nodes and other body sites

A

breast cancer

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23
Q

a class of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues

A

cancer

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24
Q

a yeast infection

A

candidiasis

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25
Q

a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue

A

carcinoma

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26
Q

a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues

A

carcinoma in situ

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27
Q

the use of natural or synthetic substances such as drugs or vitamins to reduce the risk of developing cancer or to reduce the chance that cancer will occur

A

chemoprevention

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28
Q

the use of chemical agents and drugs in combinations selected to destroy malignant cells and tissues

A

chemotherapy

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29
Q

testing new treatments that have not yet received FDA approval on patients who agree to be part of the research

A

clinical trials

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30
Q

steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, and their synthetically produced equivalents

A

corticosteroid drug

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31
Q

a type of herpesvirus found in most body fluids

A

cytomegalovirus

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32
Q

medication that kills or damages cells

A

cytotoxic drug

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33
Q

breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct

A

ductal carcinoma in situ

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34
Q

the acronym for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a blood test that is used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies

A

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

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35
Q

a simple parasitic organism

A

fungus

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36
Q

an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve

A

herpes zoster (shingles)

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37
Q

a malignancy of the lymphatic system that is distinguished from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Hodgkin’s disease)

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38
Q

a condition that occurs when immune system response is compromised

A

immunodeficiency disorder

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39
Q

antibodies that bind with specific antigens in the antigen antibody response

A

immunoglobulins

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40
Q

a substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response

A

immunosuppressant

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41
Q

treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens

A

immunosuppression

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42
Q

a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response

A

immunotherapy (biological therapy)

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43
Q

invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism

A

infection

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44
Q

an infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus that is characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes

A

infectious mononucleosis (mono)

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45
Q

breast cancer that starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma (invasive ductal carcinoma)

46
Q

breast cancer that starts in the milk glands, breaks through the wall of the gland, and invades the fatty tissue of the breast

A

infiltrating lobular carcinoma (invasive lobular carcinoma)

47
Q

a rare but aggressive form of breast cancer

A

inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)

48
Q

a highly contagious viral respiratory infection that occurs in seasonal epidemics

A

influenza (flu)

49
Q

a cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin; in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat; or in other organs

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

50
Q

a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal white blood cells found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in circulating blood

A

leukemia

51
Q

includes redness, itching, and burning where the skin has come into contact with an allergen

A

localized allergic response (cellular response)

52
Q

surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue with the surrounding margin of normal tissue

A

lumpectomy

53
Q

a bacterial infection caused by a spirochete belonging to the genus Borrelia

A

lyme disease

54
Q

a surgical procedure in which all of the lymph nodes in a major group are removed to determine or slow the spread of cancer

A

lymph node dissection

55
Q

inflammation of the lymph nodes

A

lymphadenitis (swollen glands)

56
Q

any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

A

lymphadenopathy

57
Q

a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels

A

lymphangioma

58
Q

swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal collection of lymph fluid within the tissues

A

lymphedema

59
Q

a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissue

A

lymphoma

60
Q

a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels

A

lymphoscintigraphy

61
Q

a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito

A

malaria

62
Q

a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells

A

mammography

63
Q

surgical removal of the entire breast and nipple

A

mastectomy

64
Q

an acute, highly contagious infection transmitted by respiratory droplets of the rebeola virus

A

measles

65
Q

childhood immunization that can prevent these three viral conditions

A

measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination (MMR)

66
Q

the new cancer site that results from the spreading process

A

metastasis

67
Q

the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another

A

metastasize

68
Q

one of several types of bacteria that are now resistant to most antibiotics

A

methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus (MRSA)

69
Q

the surgical removal of the entire breast and axillary lymph nodes under the adjacent arm

A

modified radical mastectomy

70
Q

artificially produced antibodies used to enhance a patient’s immune response to certain malignancies

A

monoclonal antibodies

71
Q

an acute viral infection characterized by the swelling of the parotid glands

A

mumps

72
Q

a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue

A

myoma

73
Q

a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

A

myosarcoma

74
Q

a technique in which an x-ray guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast

A

needle breast biopsy

75
Q

an abnormal growth of body tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, abnormal, rapid, and progressive; also known as a tumor

A

neoplasm

76
Q

the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

77
Q

caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy individuals

A

opportunistic infection

78
Q

a type of stomatomycosis caused by the fungus candida albicans

A

oral thrush

79
Q

a hard tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee

A

osteosarcoma

80
Q

a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism

A

parasite

81
Q

a disease-producing microorganism

A

pathogen

82
Q

a hereditary disorder in which swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph within the tissues may appear at any time in life

A

primary lymphedema

83
Q

performed to feel the texture, size, and consistency of the breast

A

professional palpation of the breast

84
Q

an acute viral infection transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal

A

rabies

85
Q

the treatment of cancers through the use of x-rays

A

radiation therapy

86
Q

the surgical removal of an entire breast and many of the surrounding tissues

A

radical mastectomy

87
Q

a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites

A

rickettsia

88
Q

a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash

A

rubella (German Measles or 3-day measles)

89
Q

a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue

A

sarcoma

90
Q

swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph within the tissues that is the result of damage to lymphatic vessels

A

secondary lymphedema

91
Q

a serious condition that occurs when an overwhelming bacterial infection affects the body

A

septic shock

92
Q

long, slender spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement

A

spirochetes

93
Q

an abnormally large spleen

A

splenomegaly

94
Q

bleeding from the spleen

A

splenorrhagia

95
Q

the process of classifying tumors by how far the disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient’s prognosis

A

staging

96
Q

a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes

A

staphylococci (staphylococcus aureus)

97
Q

bacteria that forms a chain. many are harmless; however, other members of this group are responsible for illnesses including strep throat

A

streptococci

98
Q

the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination to confirm a diagnosis

A

surgical biopsy

99
Q

a tumor of the tissues surrounding a synovial joint

A

synovial sarcoma

100
Q

a post-exposure preventive measure against certain viruses including rabies and some types of hepatitis

A

synthetic immunoglobulins (immune serum)

101
Q

medication administered to treat multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, and some cancers

A

synthetic interferon

102
Q

a developing form of anti-cancer drug therapy that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells

A

targeted therapy

103
Q

radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body that is precisely targeted with the use of three dimensional computer imaging

A

teletherapy

104
Q

the surgical removal of the tonsils

A

tonsillectomy

105
Q

a parasite most commonly transmitted from animals (pets) to humans by contact with contaminated feces

A

toxoplasmosis

106
Q

an abnormal growth of body tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, abnormal, rapid, and progress; also known as a neoplasm

A

tumor

107
Q

a vaginal infection caused by candida albicans

A

vaginal candidiasis

108
Q

a highly contagious infection caused by the herpes virus varicella zoster; also known as the chicken pox

A

varicella (chicken pox)

109
Q

very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells

A

viruses

110
Q

a viral infection that causes flu-like symptoms, transmitted to humans by mosquito bites

A

West Nile virus

111
Q

a blood test to confirm the diagnosis of HIV

A

western blot test

112
Q

a type of fungus

A

yeast

►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES (65 decks)

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