Chapter 6 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Medical Terms Flashcards
the advanced stage of an HIV infection
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
carcinoma derived from glandular tissue
adenocarcinoma
cancer treatment used after the primary treatments have been completed to decrease the chance that a cancer will recur
adjuvant therapy
a substance that produces an allergic response in an individual
allergen
occurs when the body’s immune system reacts to a harmless allergen as if it were a dangerous invader
allergic reaction
an overreaction by the body to a particular antigen
allergy (hypersensitivity)
a severe, systemic response to an allergen
anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)
the process through which the tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply
angiogenesis
a contagious disease that can be transmitted through livestock
anthrax
cancer treatment that disrupts the blood supply to the tumor
antiangiogenesis
medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacteria
antibiotics
a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen
antibody
an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi
antifungal (antimycotic)
administered to block and control allergic reactions
antihistamines
medication that blocks the development, growth, or proliferation of malignant cells
antineoplastic
medication administered to treat viral infections or to provide temporary immunity
antiviral drug
a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against the body’s own tissues
autoimmune disorder (autoimmune disease)
rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria
bacilli
one-celled microscopic organisms
bacteria
a substance that causes the death of bacteria
bactericide
a noninvasive method of diagnosing lymphedema by measuring the limb’s resistance to an electrical current
bioimpedance spectroscopy
a carcinoma that develops from the cells of the breast and can spread to adjacent lymph nodes and other body sites
breast cancer
a class of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues
cancer
a yeast infection
candidiasis
a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
carcinoma
a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues
carcinoma in situ
the use of natural or synthetic substances such as drugs or vitamins to reduce the risk of developing cancer or to reduce the chance that cancer will occur
chemoprevention
the use of chemical agents and drugs in combinations selected to destroy malignant cells and tissues
chemotherapy
testing new treatments that have not yet received FDA approval on patients who agree to be part of the research
clinical trials
steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, and their synthetically produced equivalents
corticosteroid drug
a type of herpesvirus found in most body fluids
cytomegalovirus
medication that kills or damages cells
cytotoxic drug
breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct
ductal carcinoma in situ
the acronym for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a blood test that is used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies
ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
a simple parasitic organism
fungus
an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve
herpes zoster (shingles)
a malignancy of the lymphatic system that is distinguished from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Hodgkin’s disease)
a condition that occurs when immune system response is compromised
immunodeficiency disorder
antibodies that bind with specific antigens in the antigen antibody response
immunoglobulins
a substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response
immunosuppressant
treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens
immunosuppression
a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response
immunotherapy (biological therapy)
invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism
infection
an infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus that is characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes
infectious mononucleosis (mono)
breast cancer that starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue
infiltrating ductal carcinoma (invasive ductal carcinoma)
breast cancer that starts in the milk glands, breaks through the wall of the gland, and invades the fatty tissue of the breast
infiltrating lobular carcinoma (invasive lobular carcinoma)
a rare but aggressive form of breast cancer
inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)
a highly contagious viral respiratory infection that occurs in seasonal epidemics
influenza (flu)
a cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin; in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat; or in other organs
Kaposi’s sarcoma
a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal white blood cells found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in circulating blood
leukemia
includes redness, itching, and burning where the skin has come into contact with an allergen
localized allergic response (cellular response)
surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue with the surrounding margin of normal tissue
lumpectomy
a bacterial infection caused by a spirochete belonging to the genus Borrelia
lyme disease
a surgical procedure in which all of the lymph nodes in a major group are removed to determine or slow the spread of cancer
lymph node dissection
inflammation of the lymph nodes
lymphadenitis (swollen glands)
any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes
lymphadenopathy
a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels
lymphangioma
swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal collection of lymph fluid within the tissues
lymphedema
a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissue
lymphoma
a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels
lymphoscintigraphy
a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito
malaria
a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells
mammography
surgical removal of the entire breast and nipple
mastectomy
an acute, highly contagious infection transmitted by respiratory droplets of the rebeola virus
measles
childhood immunization that can prevent these three viral conditions
measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination (MMR)
the new cancer site that results from the spreading process
metastasis
the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another
metastasize
one of several types of bacteria that are now resistant to most antibiotics
methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus (MRSA)
the surgical removal of the entire breast and axillary lymph nodes under the adjacent arm
modified radical mastectomy
artificially produced antibodies used to enhance a patient’s immune response to certain malignancies
monoclonal antibodies
an acute viral infection characterized by the swelling of the parotid glands
mumps
a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue
myoma
a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue
myosarcoma
a technique in which an x-ray guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast
needle breast biopsy
an abnormal growth of body tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, abnormal, rapid, and progressive; also known as a tumor
neoplasm
the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy individuals
opportunistic infection
a type of stomatomycosis caused by the fungus candida albicans
oral thrush
a hard tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee
osteosarcoma
a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism
parasite
a disease-producing microorganism
pathogen
a hereditary disorder in which swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph within the tissues may appear at any time in life
primary lymphedema
performed to feel the texture, size, and consistency of the breast
professional palpation of the breast
an acute viral infection transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal
rabies
the treatment of cancers through the use of x-rays
radiation therapy
the surgical removal of an entire breast and many of the surrounding tissues
radical mastectomy
a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites
rickettsia
a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash
rubella (German Measles or 3-day measles)
a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue
sarcoma
swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph within the tissues that is the result of damage to lymphatic vessels
secondary lymphedema
a serious condition that occurs when an overwhelming bacterial infection affects the body
septic shock
long, slender spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement
spirochetes
an abnormally large spleen
splenomegaly
bleeding from the spleen
splenorrhagia
the process of classifying tumors by how far the disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient’s prognosis
staging
a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes
staphylococci (staphylococcus aureus)
bacteria that forms a chain. many are harmless; however, other members of this group are responsible for illnesses including strep throat
streptococci
the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination to confirm a diagnosis
surgical biopsy
a tumor of the tissues surrounding a synovial joint
synovial sarcoma
a post-exposure preventive measure against certain viruses including rabies and some types of hepatitis
synthetic immunoglobulins (immune serum)
medication administered to treat multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, and some cancers
synthetic interferon
a developing form of anti-cancer drug therapy that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells
targeted therapy
radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body that is precisely targeted with the use of three dimensional computer imaging
teletherapy
the surgical removal of the tonsils
tonsillectomy
a parasite most commonly transmitted from animals (pets) to humans by contact with contaminated feces
toxoplasmosis
an abnormal growth of body tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, abnormal, rapid, and progress; also known as a neoplasm
tumor
a vaginal infection caused by candida albicans
vaginal candidiasis
a highly contagious infection caused by the herpes virus varicella zoster; also known as the chicken pox
varicella (chicken pox)
very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells
viruses
a viral infection that causes flu-like symptoms, transmitted to humans by mosquito bites
West Nile virus
a blood test to confirm the diagnosis of HIV
western blot test
a type of fungus
yeast
