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►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES > Chapter 4 The Muscular System Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 4 The Muscular System Medical Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on the tendon

A

Achilles tendinitis

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2
Q

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

A

adhesion

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3
Q

medication administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions

A

antispasmodic (anticholinergic)

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4
Q

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

A

ataxia

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5
Q

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

A

atonic

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6
Q

weakness of wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or by disuse over a long period of time

A

atrophy

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7
Q

extreme slowness in movement

A

bradykinesia

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8
Q

paralysis of the heart muscle

A

cardioplegia

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9
Q

the surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve pressure on nerves and tendons

A

carpal tunnel release

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10
Q

swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

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11
Q

a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia syndrome

A

chronic fatigue syndrome

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12
Q

the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles

A

compartment syndrome

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13
Q

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

A

contracture

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14
Q

a painful localized muscle contraction

A

cramp

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15
Q

testing of reflexes to diagnose disruptions of the nerve supply to the involved muscles

A

deep tendon reflex

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16
Q

distortion or impairment of voluntary movements

A

dyskinesia

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17
Q

a condition of abnormal muscle tone

A

dystonia

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18
Q

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

A

electromyography

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19
Q

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

A

epicondylitis

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20
Q

inflammation of a fascia

A

fasciitis (fascitis)

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21
Q

surgical repair of a fascia

A

fascioplasty

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22
Q

a surgical incision through a fascia to relieve tension or pressure

A

fasciotomy

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23
Q

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms

A

fibromyalgia syndrome

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24
Q

a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

A

ganglion cyst

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25
Q

a strain or tear of any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee

A

hamstring injury

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26
Q

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel

A

heel spurs

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27
Q

slight paralysis affecting only one side of the body

A

hemiparesis

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28
Q

abnormally increased muscle function or activity

A

hyperkinesia (hyperactivity)

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29
Q

a condition in which there is a diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

A

hypotonia

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30
Q

an overuse injury caused by this band rubbing against bone, often in the area of the knee

A

iliotibial band syndrome

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31
Q

inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

A

impingement syndrome

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32
Q

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

A

intermittent claudication

33
Q

removal of a plug of tissue with a biopsy needed for examination

A

muscle biopsy

34
Q

the state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible

A

muscle tone

35
Q

a group of more than 30 genetic disorders that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system

A

muscular dystropy

36
Q

tenderness or pain in the muscles

A

myalgia

37
Q

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscle

A

myasthenia gravis

38
Q

the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

A

myocele

39
Q

the sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

A

myoclonus

40
Q

a chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body

A

myofascial pain syndrome

41
Q

a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorder, and carpal tunnel syndrome

A

myofascial release

42
Q

the degeneration of muscle tissue

A

myolysis

43
Q

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

A

myoparesis

44
Q

surgical suturing of a muscle

A

myorrhaphy

45
Q

the rupture or tearing of a muscle

A

myorrhexis

46
Q

a surgical incision into a muscle

A

myotomy

47
Q

a medication that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles

A

neuromuscular blocker (neuromuscular blocking agent)

48
Q

a form of massage that uses soft-tissue manipulation focusing on applying pressure to trigger points to treat injuries and alleviate pain

A

neuromuscular therapy

49
Q

jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep

A

nocturnal myoclonus

50
Q

activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing the activities of daily living

A

occupational therapy

51
Q

injuries that occur when minor tissue injuries have not been given time to heal

A

overuse injuries

52
Q

inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint

A

overuse tendinitis (overuse tendonosis)

53
Q

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injuries to its nerve supply

A

paralysis

54
Q

paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body

A

paraplegia

55
Q

treatment to prevent disability or to restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques

A

physical therapy

56
Q

inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running

A

plantar fasciitis

57
Q

muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

A

polymyositis

58
Q

paralysis of all four extremities

A

quadriplegia

59
Q

a diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength

A

range of motion testing

60
Q

a variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal activities

A

repetitive stress disorders (repetitive motion disorders)

61
Q

inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff

A

rotator cuff tendinitis

62
Q

develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues. this occurs as the irritated tendon weakens and tears

A

ruptured rotator cuff

63
Q

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

A

sarcopenia

64
Q

pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia

A

shin splint

65
Q

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

A

singultus (hiccups)

66
Q

administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries

A

skeletal muscle relaxants

67
Q

a sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

A

spasm (charley horse, especially when in leg)

68
Q

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

A

spasmodic torticollis (wryneck)

69
Q

paralysis resulting from damage to the spinal cord that prevents nerve impulses from being transmitted below the level of injury

A

spinal cord injuries

70
Q

an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament

A

sprain

71
Q

an injury to the body of a muscle or the attachment of a tendon

A

strain

72
Q

a small crack in a bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact

A

stress fracture

73
Q

inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

A

tendinitis (tendonitis, tenonitis, tenontitis)

74
Q

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone

A

tenodesis

75
Q

the release of a tendon from adhesions

A

tenolysis (tendolysis)

76
Q

surgical suturing of the divided ends of a tendon

A

tenorrhaphy

77
Q

inflammation of the sheath around a tendon

A

tenosynovitis

78
Q

the use of high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue

A

therapeutic ultrasound

79
Q

a method of pain control by wearing a device that delivers small electrical impulses to the nerve endings through the skin

A

transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation

►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES (65 decks)

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