Chapter 4 The Muscular System Medical Terms

Question 1

inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on the tendon

Answer 1

Achilles tendinitis

Question 2

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

Answer 2

adhesion

Question 3

medication administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions

Answer 3

antispasmodic (anticholinergic)

Question 4

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Answer 4

ataxia

Question 5

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Answer 5

atonic

Question 6

weakness of wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or by disuse over a long period of time

Answer 6

atrophy

Question 7

extreme slowness in movement

Answer 7

bradykinesia

Question 8

paralysis of the heart muscle

Answer 8

cardioplegia

Question 9

the surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve pressure on nerves and tendons

Answer 9

carpal tunnel release

Question 10

swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel

Answer 10

carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 11

a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia syndrome

Answer 11

chronic fatigue syndrome

Question 12

the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles

Answer 12

compartment syndrome

Question 13

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

Answer 13

contracture

Question 14

a painful localized muscle contraction

Answer 14

cramp

Question 15

testing of reflexes to diagnose disruptions of the nerve supply to the involved muscles

Answer 15

deep tendon reflex

Question 16

distortion or impairment of voluntary movements

Answer 16

dyskinesia

Question 17

a condition of abnormal muscle tone

Answer 17

dystonia

Question 18

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

Answer 18

electromyography

Question 19

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

Answer 19

epicondylitis

Question 20

inflammation of a fascia

Answer 20

fasciitis (fascitis)

Question 21

surgical repair of a fascia

Answer 21

fascioplasty

Question 22

a surgical incision through a fascia to relieve tension or pressure

Answer 22

fasciotomy

Question 23

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms

Answer 23

fibromyalgia syndrome

Question 24

a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

Answer 24

ganglion cyst

Question 25

a strain or tear of any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee

Answer 25

hamstring injury

Question 26

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel

Answer 26

heel spurs

Question 27

slight paralysis affecting only one side of the body

Answer 27

hemiparesis

Question 28

abnormally increased muscle function or activity

Answer 28

hyperkinesia (hyperactivity)

Question 29

a condition in which there is a diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Answer 29

hypotonia

Question 30

an overuse injury caused by this band rubbing against bone, often in the area of the knee

Answer 30

iliotibial band syndrome

Question 31

inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

Answer 31

impingement syndrome

Question 32

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

Answer 32

intermittent claudication

Question 33

removal of a plug of tissue with a biopsy needed for examination

Answer 33

muscle biopsy

Question 34

the state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible

Answer 34

muscle tone

Question 35

a group of more than 30 genetic disorders that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system

Answer 35

muscular dystropy

Question 36

tenderness or pain in the muscles

Answer 36

myalgia

Question 37

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscle

Answer 37

myasthenia gravis

Question 38

the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

Answer 38

myocele

Question 39

the sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

Answer 39

myoclonus

Question 40

a chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body

Answer 40

myofascial pain syndrome

Question 41

a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorder, and carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 41

myofascial release

Question 42

the degeneration of muscle tissue

Answer 42

myolysis

Question 43

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

Answer 43

myoparesis

Question 44

surgical suturing of a muscle

Answer 44

myorrhaphy

Question 45

the rupture or tearing of a muscle

Answer 45

myorrhexis

Question 46

a surgical incision into a muscle

Answer 46

myotomy

Question 47

a medication that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles

Answer 47

neuromuscular blocker (neuromuscular blocking agent)

Question 48

a form of massage that uses soft-tissue manipulation focusing on applying pressure to trigger points to treat injuries and alleviate pain

Answer 48

neuromuscular therapy

Question 49

jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep

Answer 49

nocturnal myoclonus

Question 50

activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing the activities of daily living

Answer 50

occupational therapy

Question 51

injuries that occur when minor tissue injuries have not been given time to heal

Answer 51

overuse injuries

Question 52

inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint

Answer 52

overuse tendinitis (overuse tendonosis)

Question 53

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injuries to its nerve supply

Answer 53

paralysis

Question 54

paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body

Answer 54

paraplegia

Question 55

treatment to prevent disability or to restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques

Answer 55

physical therapy

Question 56

inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running

Answer 56

plantar fasciitis

Question 57

muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

Answer 57

polymyositis

Question 58

paralysis of all four extremities

Answer 58

quadriplegia

Question 59

a diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength

Answer 59

range of motion testing

Question 60

a variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal activities

Answer 60

repetitive stress disorders (repetitive motion disorders)

Question 61

inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff

Answer 61

rotator cuff tendinitis

Question 62

develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues. this occurs as the irritated tendon weakens and tears

Answer 62

ruptured rotator cuff

Question 63

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

Answer 63

sarcopenia

Question 64

pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia

Answer 64

shin splint

Question 65

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

Answer 65

singultus (hiccups)

Question 66

administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries

Answer 66

skeletal muscle relaxants

Question 67

a sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

Answer 67

spasm (charley horse, especially when in leg)

Question 68

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

Answer 68

spasmodic torticollis (wryneck)

Question 69

paralysis resulting from damage to the spinal cord that prevents nerve impulses from being transmitted below the level of injury

Answer 69

spinal cord injuries

Question 70

an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament

Answer 70

sprain

Question 71

an injury to the body of a muscle or the attachment of a tendon

Answer 71

strain

Question 72

a small crack in a bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact

Answer 72

stress fracture

Question 73

inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

Answer 73

tendinitis (tendonitis, tenonitis, tenontitis)

Question 74

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone

Answer 74

tenodesis

Question 75

the release of a tendon from adhesions

Answer 75

tenolysis (tendolysis)

Question 76

surgical suturing of the divided ends of a tendon

Answer 76

tenorrhaphy

Question 77

inflammation of the sheath around a tendon

Answer 77

tenosynovitis

Question 78

the use of high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue

Answer 78

therapeutic ultrasound

Question 79

a method of pain control by wearing a device that delivers small electrical impulses to the nerve endings through the skin

Answer 79

transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation