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►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES > Chapter 6 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 6 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems A&P Flashcards

1
Q

are specialized structures of the lymphatic system that absorb those fats than cannot be transported by the blood stream

A

lacteals

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2
Q

also known as intercellular or tissue fluid, is plasma from arterial blood that flows out of the arterioles and into the capillaries

A

interstitial fluid

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3
Q

is made up of the remaining 10% of the returning interstitial fluid

A

lymph

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4
Q

are microscopic, blind-ended tubes located near the surface of the body with capillary walls that are only one cell in thickness

A

lymphatic capillaries

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5
Q

lymph flows from lymphatic capillaries into these larger structures, which are located deeper within the tissues

A

lymphatic vessels

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6
Q

collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, the upper right quadrant of the body, and the right arm

A

right lymphatic duct

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7
Q

is the proximal part of the main vein of the arm. where the lymphatic and circulatory system meet

A

subclavian vein

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8
Q

the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, the upper left quadrant of the trunk, the left arm, the entire lower portion of the trunk, and both legs

A

thoracic duct

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9
Q

contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens

A

lymph node

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10
Q

are located along the sides of the neck

A

cervical lymph nodes

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11
Q

are located under the arms in the area known as the armpits

A

axillary nodes

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12
Q

are located in the inguinal area of the lower abdomen

A

inguinal lymph nodes

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13
Q

also known as lymphoid cells, are leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells

A

lymphocytes

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14
Q

means the process of becoming mature

A

maturation

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15
Q

means to be modified to perform a specific function

A

differentiation

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16
Q

play an important role in the killing of cancer cells and cells infected by viruses

A

natural killer cells (NK cells)

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17
Q

known as B lymphocytes, are specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies

A

B cells

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18
Q

develop from B cells and secrete a large volume of antibodies coded to destroy specific antigens

A

plasma cells

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19
Q

known as T lymphocytes, belong to a group of leukocytes known as lymphocytes. get name from origin in the thymus, play a role in cell-mediated immunity

A

T cells

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20
Q

are a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells

A

cytokines

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21
Q

are produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells. activate the immune system, fight viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication

A

interferons

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22
Q

play multiple roles in the immune system, including directing B and T cells to divide and proliferate

A

interleukins

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23
Q

means pertaining to the lymphatic system or resembling lymph

A

lymphoid

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24
Q

are three masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat

A

tonsils

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25
Q

known as the nasopharyngeal tonsils, are located in the nasopharynx

A

adenoids

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26
Q

are located on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible at the back of the mouth

A

palatine tonsils

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27
Q

are located at the base of the tongue; however, they are not readily visible

A

lingual tonsils

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28
Q

is a mass of lymphoid tissue located above the heart, reaches its greatest size at puberty and becomes smaller with age

A

thymus

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29
Q

commonly referred to as the appendix, hangs from the lower portion of the cecum, which is the first section of the large intestine

A

vermiform appendix

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30
Q

is a sac-like mass of lymphoid tissue located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, just inferior to the diaphragm and posterior to the stomach

A

spleen

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31
Q

function is to destroy worn-out erythrocytes and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse

A

hemolytic

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32
Q

which are disease-producing microorganisms

A

pathogens

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33
Q

which are substances that produce allergic reactions

A

allergens

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34
Q

which are poisonous or harmful substances

A

toxins

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35
Q

potentially life-threatening cancer cells

A

malignant cells

36
Q

wraps the body in a physical barrier to prevent invading organisms from entering the body

A

intact skin

37
Q

traps breathed-in foreign matter with nose hairs and moist mucous membranes lining the respiratory system

A

respiratory system

38
Q

uses the acids and enzymes produced by the stomach to destroy invaders that are swallowed or consumed

A

digestive system

39
Q

specialized leukocytes work together in specific ways to attack and destroy pathogens that have succeeded in entering the body

A

lymphatic system

40
Q

also known as the immune reaction, involves binding antigens to antibodies

A

antigen-antibody reaction

41
Q

is any substance that the body regards as being foreign

A

antigen

42
Q

refers to an acquired unresponsiveness to a specific antigen

A

tolerance

43
Q

is a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen

A

antibody

44
Q

binds with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response

A

immunoglobulins

45
Q

the most abundant class of antibodies, and they are found in blood serum and lymph. these antibodies are active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign particles

A

immunoglobulin G (IgG)

46
Q

is the class of antibodies produced predominantly against ingested antigens. are found in body secretions such as saliva, sweat, or tears, and function to prevent the attachment of viruses and bacteria to the epithelial surfaces

A

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

47
Q

is the class of antibodies that are found in circulating body fluids. first antibodies to appear in response to an initial exposure to an antigen

A

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

48
Q

is the class of antibodies found only on the surface of B cells. these antibodies are important in B cell activation

A

Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

49
Q

is the class of antibodies produced in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes. these are responsible for allergic reactions

A

immunoglobulin E (IgE)

50
Q

are specialized leukocytes that act as part of the antigen-antibody reaction by destroying substances such as cell debris. performs phagocytosis

A

phagocytes

51
Q

are leukocytes that provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms

A

monocytes

52
Q

is a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells

A

macrophage

53
Q

are specialized leukocytes that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infection

A

dendritic cells

54
Q

is a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form. when needed, these cells complement the ability of antibodies to ward off pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells

A

the complement system

55
Q

is the state of being resistant to a specific disease

A

immunity

56
Q

is resistance to a disease present without the administration of an antigen or exposure to a disease

A

natural immunity (passive immunity)

57
Q

is obtained by having had a contagious disease

A

acquired immunity

58
Q

is a prescription containing an antigen, consisting of whole or partial disease-causing organisms, which have been killed or weakened

A

vaccine

59
Q

provides protection against the disease

A

vaccination

60
Q

is a specialist in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity

A

allergist

61
Q

specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system

A

immunologist

62
Q

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the lymphatic system

A

lymphologist

63
Q

is a physician who specializes in the diagnosing and treatment of malignant disorders such as tumors and cancer

A

oncologist

64
Q

is a diagnostic test to identify commonly troublesome allergens such as tree pollen and ragweed. swelling and itching indicate an allergic reaction

A

scratch test

65
Q

means weakened or not functioning properly

A

compromised

66
Q

weakened by another condition

A

debilitated

67
Q

means to cause greater activity

A

stimulate

68
Q

decrease or stop a normal response

A

repress

69
Q

is not a form of cancer, and it is not life-threatening

A

benign tumor

70
Q

is a form of cancer. capable of spreading to distant body sites, including to other body systems

A

malignant tumor

71
Q

means in place where the cancer first occurred

A

in situ

72
Q

is a biopsy of the first lymph node to come into contact with cancer cells as they leave the organ of origination and start spreading into the rest of the body

A

sentinel node biopsy

73
Q

begins during the same surgery as the mastectomy when an “expander” is placed to replace the tissue that was removed

A

immediate breast reconstruction

74
Q

may be necessary if the surgery is to be followed by radiation treatment

A

delayed breast reconstruction

75
Q

means to increase rapidly

A

proliferation

76
Q

refers to an agent intended to increase the effectiveness of a drug

A

adjuvant

77
Q

a serious sensitivity to light

A

photophobia

78
Q

agent slows or stops the growth of bacteria

A

bacteriostatic

79
Q

type of sarcoma that arise from bone or cartilage

A

hard-tissue sarcoma

80
Q

type of sarcoma that are cancers of the muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood, and lymphatic vessels, or other supporting tissue, including the synovial tissues that line the cavities of joints

A

soft-tissue sarcomas

81
Q

type of sarcoma that arise from blood and lymph

A

liquid-tissue sarcoma

82
Q

stage of breast cancer where cancer cells are found only in one location, such as ductal carcinoma in situ

A

stage 0

83
Q

stage of breast cancer where cancer cells have moved beyond the duct but have not yet reached the lymph nodes

A

stage 1

84
Q

stage of breast cancer where cancer has increased in size, and/or has reached the axillary (armpit) lymph nodes

A

stage II

85
Q

stage of breast cancer where cancer has spread to the cervical (neck) lymph nodes and/or the tissues surrounding the breast, such as the chest wall or skin

A

stage III

86
Q

stage of breast cancer where cancer has spread to other organs, most commonly the brain, lungs, liver, or bones. this is also known as invasive cancer

A

stage IV

►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES (65 decks)

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