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►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES > Chapter 12 Skin The Integumentary System A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Skin The Integumentary System A&P Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards U.S. Geography flashcards
1
Q

is made up of the skin and its related structures, performs important functions in maintaining the health of the body

A

integumentary system

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2
Q

forms the protective outer covering the external surfaces of the entire body

A

skin

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3
Q

secrete sebum (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin

A

sebaceous glands

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4
Q

help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat.

A

sudoriferous glands

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5
Q

helps control the loss of body heat

A

hair

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6
Q

protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

A

nails

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7
Q

what are the three layers of the skin

A

epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous

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8
Q

means pertaining to the skin

A

cutaneous

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9
Q

is the outermost layer of the skin, is made up of several specialized epithelial tissues

A

epidermis

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10
Q

form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body

A

epithelial tissues

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11
Q

forms the upper layer of the epidermis. consists of flat, scaly cells that are continuously shed

A

squamous epithelial tissue

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12
Q

is the lowest layer of the epidermis. here that new cells are produced and then pushed upward

A

basal layer

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13
Q

is a fibrous, water-repellent protein. is a primary component of the epidermis

A

keratin

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14
Q

are special cells that are also found in the basal layer. produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment known as melanin

A

melanocytes

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15
Q

is the pigment that determines the color of the skin, which depends upon the type and amount of this pigment present

A

melanin

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16
Q

refers to light that is beyond the visible spectrum at the violet end. some help the skin produce vitamin D, others damage the skin

A

ultraviolet

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17
Q

also known as the corium, is the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis

A

dermis

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18
Q

in the dermis are sensory receptors for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure

A

sensory nerve endings

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19
Q

means glue, is a tough, yet flexible, fibrous protein material found in the skin

A

collagen

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20
Q

found in the connective tissue of the dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances, including heparin and histamine

A

mast cells

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21
Q

which is released in response to an injury, is an anticoagulant

A

heparin

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22
Q

prevents blood clotting

A

heparin

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23
Q

is released in response to allergens, causes the signs of an allergic response, including itching and increased mucus secretion

A

histamine

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24
Q

is located just below the layers of the skin and connects the skin to the surface muscle

A

subcutaneous layer

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25
Q

layer is made up of loose connective tissue fat

A

adipose tissue

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26
Q

means fat

A

adipose

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27
Q

is a term used to describe deposits of dimpled fat around the buttocks and thighs.

A

cellulite

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28
Q

also known as fat cells, are predominant in the subcutaneous layer where they manufacture and store large quantities of fat

A

lipocytes

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29
Q

are located in the dermis layer of the skin and closely associated with hair follicles

A

sebaceous glands

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30
Q

is an oily substance that is released through ducts opening into the hair follicles

A

sebum

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31
Q

modified sebaceous glands, are sometimes classified with the integumentary system

A

mammary glands

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32
Q

also known as sudoriferous glands, are tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces

A

sweat glands

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33
Q

are the opening on the surface of the skin that act as the ducts of the sweat glands

A

pores

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34
Q

commonly known as sweat, is secreted by sweat glands and is made up of 99% water plus some salt and metabolic waste products

A

perspiration

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35
Q

is the production and excretion of perspiration

A

hidrosis

36
Q

fibers are rod-like structures composed of tightly fused, dead, protein cells filled with hard keratin

A

hair

37
Q

are the sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers. shape determines whether the hair is straight or curly

A

hair follicles

38
Q

are tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect

A

arrector pili

39
Q

which is commonly known as a fingernail or toenail, is the keratin plate that protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger

A

unguis

40
Q

is translucent, is closely molded to the surface of the underlying tissues

A

nail body

41
Q

joins the nail body to the under lying connective tissue, nourishes the nail

A

nail bed

42
Q

is the portion of the nail not attached to the nail bed

A

free edge

43
Q

is a pale half-moon shaped region at every nail root, which generally most easily seen in the thumbnail

A

lunula

44
Q

is a narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root

A

cuticle

45
Q

fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin

A

nail root

46
Q

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin

A

dermatologist

47
Q

is a physician who specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of the body structures

A

plastic surgeon

48
Q

are plastic surgeons who perform operations such as breast augmentation, liposuction, and face lifts that are usually done for aesthetic rather than medical reasons

A

cosmetic surgeons

49
Q

is a form of seborrheic dermatitis, as is the scalp rash in infants

A

dandruff, craddle cap

50
Q

is an accidental puncture wound caused by a used hypodermic needle, potentially transmitting an infection

A

needlestick injury

51
Q

also known as fifth disease, is a mildly contagious viral infection that is common in childhood. produces a red, lace-like rash on the child’s face that looks as if the child has been slapped

A

erythema infectious

52
Q

is a skin disorder resulting from a generalized allergic reaction to an illness, infection, or medication

A

erythema multiform

53
Q

also known as chilblains, is a purple-red inflammation that occurs when the small blood vessels below the skin are damaged, usually due to exposure to cold and damp weather

A

erythema pernio

54
Q

is a form of erythema in which skin cells are damaged by exposure to the ultraviolet rays in sunlight

A

sunburn

55
Q

is a breaking out, or eruption, that changes the color or texture of the skin

A

rash

56
Q

is found on the scalps of children, a form of ringworm

A

tinea capitis

57
Q

is a fungal infection of the skin on the body, a form of ringworm

A

tinea corporis

58
Q

also known as jock itch, is found in the genital area, a form of ringworm

A

tinea cruris

59
Q

also known as athlete’s foot, is most commonly found between the toes, a form of ringworm

A

tinea pedis

60
Q

also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a fungal infection that causes painless, discolored area of the skin, a form of ringworm

A

tinea versicolor

61
Q

is an infestation with head lice

A

pediculosis capitis

62
Q

is an infestation with body lice

A

pediculosis corporis

63
Q

is an infestation with lice in the pubic hair and pubic region

A

pediculosis pubis

64
Q

a piece, but not all, of the tumor of lesion is removed

A

incisional biopsy

65
Q

the entire tumor or lesion and a margin of surrounding tissue are removed

A

excisional biopsy

66
Q

a hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination

A

needle biopsy

67
Q

is the removal of dead epidermal cells

A

exfoliation

68
Q

known by its trade name accutane, is a powerful retinoid in pill form for the treatment of severe acne

A

isoretinoin

69
Q

is the active ingredient in Retin-A and Renova, which are used to treat sun-damaged skin, acne, and wrinkles

A

tretinoin

70
Q

is a latin term meaning common

A

vulgaris

71
Q

a comedo with an obstructed opening is called

A

whitehead (closed comedo)

72
Q

a sebum plug that is exposed to air often oxidizes and becomes a

A

blackhead (open comedo)

73
Q

is an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells

A

heat rash (prickly heat)

74
Q

means occurring in patches

A

areata

75
Q

means total

A

universalis

76
Q

is blood trapped under a finger or toenail

A

subungual hematoma

77
Q

are verrucae that develop on the sole of the foot

A

plantar warts

78
Q

means contained within a limited area

A

circumscribed

79
Q

is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease

A

malaise

80
Q

is decay that produces foul-smelling odor

A

putrefaction

81
Q

is a callus in the keratin layer of the skin covering the joints of the toes, usually caused by ill-filling shoes

A

clavus or corn

82
Q

removes only a fine layer of skin, so the results are temporary

A

microdermabrasion

83
Q

is an incision of a lesion, such as an abscess, and the draining of the contents

A

incision and drainage (I&D)

84
Q

are small, nonessential veins that can be seen through the skin

A

spider veins

85
Q

also known as itching, is associated with most forms of dermatitis

A

pruritus

86
Q

profuse sweating

A

diaphoresis (hyperhydrosis)

►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES (65 decks)

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