Chapter 13 The Endocrine System Medical Terms Flashcards
enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
acromegaly
a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone
Addison’s disease
inflammation of the adrenal glands
adrenalitis
an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone
aldosteronism
a medication administered to slow the ability of the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
antithyroid drug
a disorder of the adrenal glands caused by the excessive production of aldosterone
Conn’s syndrome
the synthetic equivalent of natural corticosteroids that are administered to suppress inflammation and to act as an immunosuppressant
cortisone (hydrocortisone)
a congenital form of hypothyroidism
cretinism
a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol
Cushing’s syndrome (hypercortisolism)
a condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or the inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone
diabetes insipidus
a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
diabetes mellitus
a diabetic emergency caused by very high blood sugar
diabetic coma
damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes
diabetic retinopathy
an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit
exophthalmos
a blood test to measure the glucose levels after the patient has not eaten for 8 to 12 hours
fasting blood sugar (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test)
a blood test that measures average glucose levels over the past three weeks
fructosamine test
the production of breast milk in women who are not breast feeding
galactorrhea
the form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies
gestational diabetes mellitus
abnormal growth of the entire body caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty
gigantism
an abnormal, nonmalignant enlargement of the thyroid gland
goiter (thyromegaly)
an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system stimulates the thyroid to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone
Grave’s disease
an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
Hashimoto’s disease (chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis)
a blood test that measures the average blood glucose level over the previous three to four months
hemoglobin A1c testing (HbA1c)
test performed by the patient using a drop of blood to measure the current blood sugar level
home blood glucose monitoring
a synthetic version of the growth hormone that is administered to stimulate growth when the natural supply of growth hormone is insufficient for normal development
human growth hormone
abnormally high concentrations of calcium in the blood
hypercalcemia
an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood
hyperglycemia
the excessive secretion of hormones by the sex glands
hypergonadism
a condition marked by excessive secretion of insulin
hyperinsulinism
the overproduction of the parathyroid hormone that causes hypercalcemia
hyperparathyroidism
the excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism
hyperpituitarism
the overproduction of thyroid hormones
hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)
a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
hypocalcemia
an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood
hypoglycemia
a condition caused by an insufficient or absent secretion of parathyroid hormone
hypoparathyroidism
the removal of abnormal tissue from the pituitary gland
hypophysectomy
a deficiency of thyroid secretion
hypothyroidism (underactive thyroidism)
a diabetic emergency caused by very low blood sugar
insulin shock
a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin
insulinoma
a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
a condition in which type 1 diabetes develops in adults
latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (type 1.5 diabetes)
the surgical removal of a lobe of an organ
lobectomy
a severe form of adult hypothyroidism caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion
myxedema (adult hypothyroidism)
a test performed to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and to aid in diagnosing hypoglycemia
oral glucose tolerance test
surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas
pancreatectomy
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands
parathyroidectomy
a disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord, producing pain, loss or sensation, and inability to control muscles
peripheral neuropathy
a benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes the release of excess epinephrine and norepinephrine
pheochromocytoma
the surgical removal of the pineal gland
pinealectomy
a tumor of the pineal gland
pinealoma
a slow-growing benign tumor of the pituitary gland that may or or many not cause excess hormone secretion
pituitary adenoma (pituitary tumor)
excessive thirst
polydipsia
excessive hunger
polyphagia
excessive urination
polyuria
a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes
prediabetes
a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin
prolactinoma
oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells
radioactive iodine treatment
test using radioactive iodine administered orally to measure thyroid function
radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU)
condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk
short stature (dwarfism)
overproduction of the antidiuretic hormone ADH, leading to bloating, water retention, and electrolyte imbalance
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
medications administered to replace lost thyroid function
synthetic thyroid hormones
the surgical removal of the thymus gland
thymectomy
inflammation of the thymus gland
thymitis
cancer of the thyroid gland
thyroid carcinoma
a specialized nuclear scan to evaluate thyroid function
thyroid scan
a relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism
thyroid storm (thyrotoxic crisis)
a diagnostic test to measure the circulating blood level of thyroid-stimulating hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone assay
an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells
type 1 diabetes
an insulin resistance disorder in which, although insulin is being produced, the body does not use it effectively
type 2 diabetes