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►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES > Chapter 13 The Endocrine System Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 13 The Endocrine System Medical Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

A

acromegaly

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2
Q

a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone

A

Addison’s disease

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3
Q

inflammation of the adrenal glands

A

adrenalitis

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4
Q

an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone

A

aldosteronism

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5
Q

a medication administered to slow the ability of the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

A

antithyroid drug

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6
Q

a disorder of the adrenal glands caused by the excessive production of aldosterone

A

Conn’s syndrome

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7
Q

the synthetic equivalent of natural corticosteroids that are administered to suppress inflammation and to act as an immunosuppressant

A

cortisone (hydrocortisone)

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8
Q

a congenital form of hypothyroidism

A

cretinism

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9
Q

a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol

A

Cushing’s syndrome (hypercortisolism)

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10
Q

a condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or the inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone

A

diabetes insipidus

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11
Q

a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

A

diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

a diabetic emergency caused by very high blood sugar

A

diabetic coma

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13
Q

damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes

A

diabetic retinopathy

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14
Q

an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit

A

exophthalmos

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15
Q

a blood test to measure the glucose levels after the patient has not eaten for 8 to 12 hours

A

fasting blood sugar (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test)

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16
Q

a blood test that measures average glucose levels over the past three weeks

A

fructosamine test

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17
Q

the production of breast milk in women who are not breast feeding

A

galactorrhea

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18
Q

the form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies

A

gestational diabetes mellitus

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19
Q

abnormal growth of the entire body caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty

A

gigantism

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20
Q

an abnormal, nonmalignant enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

goiter (thyromegaly)

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21
Q

an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system stimulates the thyroid to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone

A

Grave’s disease

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22
Q

an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland

A

Hashimoto’s disease (chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis)

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23
Q

a blood test that measures the average blood glucose level over the previous three to four months

A

hemoglobin A1c testing (HbA1c)

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24
Q

test performed by the patient using a drop of blood to measure the current blood sugar level

A

home blood glucose monitoring

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25
Q

a synthetic version of the growth hormone that is administered to stimulate growth when the natural supply of growth hormone is insufficient for normal development

A

human growth hormone

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26
Q

abnormally high concentrations of calcium in the blood

A

hypercalcemia

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27
Q

an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood

A

hyperglycemia

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28
Q

the excessive secretion of hormones by the sex glands

A

hypergonadism

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29
Q

a condition marked by excessive secretion of insulin

A

hyperinsulinism

30
Q

the overproduction of the parathyroid hormone that causes hypercalcemia

A

hyperparathyroidism

31
Q

the excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism

A

hyperpituitarism

32
Q

the overproduction of thyroid hormones

A

hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)

33
Q

a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood

A

hypocalcemia

34
Q

an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

35
Q

a condition caused by an insufficient or absent secretion of parathyroid hormone

A

hypoparathyroidism

36
Q

the removal of abnormal tissue from the pituitary gland

A

hypophysectomy

37
Q

a deficiency of thyroid secretion

A

hypothyroidism (underactive thyroidism)

38
Q

a diabetic emergency caused by very low blood sugar

A

insulin shock

39
Q

a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin

A

insulinoma

40
Q

a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands

A

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

41
Q

a condition in which type 1 diabetes develops in adults

A

latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (type 1.5 diabetes)

42
Q

the surgical removal of a lobe of an organ

A

lobectomy

43
Q

a severe form of adult hypothyroidism caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion

A

myxedema (adult hypothyroidism)

44
Q

a test performed to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and to aid in diagnosing hypoglycemia

A

oral glucose tolerance test

45
Q

surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas

A

pancreatectomy

46
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

47
Q

surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands

A

parathyroidectomy

48
Q

a disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord, producing pain, loss or sensation, and inability to control muscles

A

peripheral neuropathy

49
Q

a benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes the release of excess epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

pheochromocytoma

50
Q

the surgical removal of the pineal gland

A

pinealectomy

51
Q

a tumor of the pineal gland

A

pinealoma

52
Q

a slow-growing benign tumor of the pituitary gland that may or or many not cause excess hormone secretion

A

pituitary adenoma (pituitary tumor)

53
Q

excessive thirst

A

polydipsia

54
Q

excessive hunger

A

polyphagia

55
Q

excessive urination

A

polyuria

56
Q

a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes

A

prediabetes

57
Q

a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin

A

prolactinoma

58
Q

oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells

A

radioactive iodine treatment

59
Q

test using radioactive iodine administered orally to measure thyroid function

A

radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU)

60
Q

condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk

A

short stature (dwarfism)

61
Q

overproduction of the antidiuretic hormone ADH, leading to bloating, water retention, and electrolyte imbalance

A

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

62
Q

medications administered to replace lost thyroid function

A

synthetic thyroid hormones

63
Q

the surgical removal of the thymus gland

A

thymectomy

64
Q

inflammation of the thymus gland

A

thymitis

65
Q

cancer of the thyroid gland

A

thyroid carcinoma

66
Q

a specialized nuclear scan to evaluate thyroid function

A

thyroid scan

67
Q

a relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism

A

thyroid storm (thyrotoxic crisis)

68
Q

a diagnostic test to measure the circulating blood level of thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone assay

69
Q

an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells

A

type 1 diabetes

70
Q

an insulin resistance disorder in which, although insulin is being produced, the body does not use it effectively

A

type 2 diabetes

►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES (65 decks)

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