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►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES > Chapter 3 The Skeletal System Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 3 The Skeletal System Medical Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

a transplant in which the recipient receives bone marrow from a compatible donor

A

allogenic bone marrow transplant

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2
Q

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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3
Q

the loss of absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure

A

ankylosis

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4
Q

an inflammatory condition of one or more joints

A

arthritis

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5
Q

surgical puncture of the joint space to remove synovial fluid for analysis

A

arthrocentesis

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6
Q

a surgical procedure to stiffen a joint

A

arthrodesis (surgical ankylosis)

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7
Q

surgical loosening of an anylosed joint

A

arthrolysis

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8
Q

surgical repair of a damaged joint; also the surgical replacement of a joint with an artificial joint

A

arthroplasty

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9
Q

stiffness of the joints, especially in elderly

A

arthrosclerosis

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10
Q

a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint

A

arthroscopic surgery

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11
Q

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope

A

arthroscopy

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12
Q

a transplant utilizing the patient’s own bone marrow that was harvested before treatment began

A

autologous bone marrow transplant

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13
Q

a diagnostic test to determine losses or changes in bone density

A

bone density testing

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14
Q

a diagnostic test to determine why blood cells are abnormal or to find a donor match for a bone marrow transplant

A

bone marrow biopsy

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15
Q

cancer treatment in which abnormal bone marrow is destroyed and replaced with new stem cells

A

bone marrow transplant

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16
Q

a specialized nuclear scan that identifies new area of bone growth or breakdown

A

bone scan

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17
Q

inflammation of a bursa

A

bursitis

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18
Q

a bulging deposit that forms around the area of the break in a bone; also a thickening of the skin that is caused by repeated rubbing

A

callus

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19
Q

a slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells

A

chondroma

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20
Q

abnormal softening of the cartilage

A

chondromalacia

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21
Q

surgical repair of damaged cartilage

A

chondroplasty

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22
Q

a fracture in which the bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin

A

closed fracture (simple fracture of complete fracture)

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23
Q

the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation

A

closed reduction (manipulation)

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24
Q

a fracture at the lower end of the radius that occurs when a person tries to break a fall by landing on his or her hand

A

Colles’ fracture

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25
Q

a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

A

comminuted fracture

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26
Q

a fracture in which the bone is pressed together on itself

A

compression fracture (vertebral crush fracture)

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27
Q

an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

A

costochondritis

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28
Q

surgical removal of a portion of the skull

A

craniectomy

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29
Q

surgical repair of the skull

A

cranioplasty

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30
Q

the use of gentle touch to help the body release tension in order to correct restrictions resulting from stress on the CNS

A

craniosacral therapy

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31
Q

a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures

A

craniostenosis

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32
Q

a surgical incision or opening into the skull

A

craniotomy

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33
Q

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

A

crepitation (crepitus)

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34
Q

the total displacement of a bone from its joint

A

dislocation (luxation)

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35
Q

a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

A

dual x-ray absorptiometry

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36
Q

a fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing

A

external fixation

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37
Q

the release of fat cells from yellow bone marrow into the bloodstream when a long bone is fractured

A

fat embolus

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38
Q

a bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous (scar-like) tissue

A

fibrous dysplasia

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39
Q

a broken bone

A

fracture

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40
Q

a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints

A

gouty arthritis (gout)

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41
Q

a type of fracture in which the bone is bent and only partially broken

A

greenstick fracture (incomplete fracture)

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42
Q

an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

A

hallux valgus (bunion)

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43
Q

blood within a joint

A

hemarthrosis

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44
Q

the breaking apart of a intervertebral disk that results in pressure or spinal nerve roots

A

herniated disk (slipped or ruptured disk)

45
Q

an alternative to total hip replacement, a metal cap is placed over the head of the femur to allow it to move smoothly over a mental lining in the acetabulum

A

hip resurfacing

46
Q

the act of holding, suturing, or fastening a bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast

A

immobilization (stabilization)

47
Q

fracture treatment in which pins or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

A

internal fixation (Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF))

48
Q

an autoimmune disorder affecting children ages 16 years or less, with symptoms that include stifness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

A

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

49
Q

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

A

kyphosis (humpback or Dowager’s hump)

50
Q

the surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra

A

laminectomy

51
Q

an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

A

lordosis (sway back)

52
Q

pain of the lumbar region of the spine

A

lumbago (low back pain)

53
Q

an imaging technique that uses a combination of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to create signals that are sent to a computer and converted into images of any plane through the body

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

54
Q

a type of cancer that occurs in blood making cells of the red bone marrow

A

myeloma

55
Q

any pathological change or disease of the spinal cord

A

myelopathy

56
Q

a tumor on the spinal cord

A

myelosis

57
Q

a fracture that occurs at an angle across the bone

A

oblique fracture

58
Q

a fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

A

open fracture (compound fracture)

59
Q

a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specifically designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

A

orthotic

60
Q

pain in a bone

A

ostealgia (osteodynia)

61
Q

inflammation of bone

A

osteitis (ostitis)

62
Q

the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging

A

osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)

63
Q

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage

A

osteochondroma

64
Q

the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

A

osteoclasis

65
Q

abnormal softening of bones in adults

A

osteomalacia (adult rickets)

66
Q

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

A

osteomyelitis

67
Q

the death of bone tissue due to an insufficient blood supply

A

osteonecrosis

68
Q

mechanical spinal adjustment used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies by an osteopath

A

osteopathic manipulative therapy

69
Q

thinner than average bone density

A

osteopenia

70
Q

are also known as bone spurs

A

osteophytes

71
Q

the surgical repair of a bone or bones

A

osteoplasty

72
Q

a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging

A

osteoporosis

73
Q

a fracture of hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall

A

osteoporotic hip fracture (broken hip)

74
Q

surgical suturing or wiring together of bone

A

osteorrhaphy

75
Q

the surgical cutting of a bone

A

osteotomy

76
Q

a bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

A

Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)

77
Q

a procedure in which only part of the knee is replaced

A

partial knee replacement (PKR)

78
Q

occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain

A

pathologic fracture

79
Q

a procedure to treat a herniated intervertebral disk

A

percutaneous diskectomy

80
Q

treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column

A

percutaneous vertebroplasty

81
Q

an incision through the periosteum to the bone

A

periosteotomy

82
Q

inflammation of the periosteum

A

periostitis

83
Q

a geriatric inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

84
Q

a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone

A

primary bone cancer

85
Q

a substitute for a diseased or missing part

A

prosthesis

86
Q

the image produced by the use of radiant energy to visualize conditions such as bone fractures; also known as x-rays

A

radiograph (x-ray)

87
Q

the replacement of a worn or failed implant

A

revision surgery

88
Q

a chronic disorder in which the synovial membranes, and other body tissues, are inflamed and thickened

A

rheumatoid arthritis

89
Q

a deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth due to vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets (infantile osteomalacia)

90
Q

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

91
Q

tumors that have metastasized to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs

A

secondary bone cancer

92
Q

condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate size of the head and trunk

A

short stature (dwarfism)

93
Q

a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord

A

spina bifida

94
Q

a technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together two or more vertebrae

A

spinal fusion

95
Q

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

A

spiral fracture

96
Q

the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra below it

A

spondylolisthesis

97
Q

a degenerative disorder that can caused the loss of normal spinal structure and function

A

spondylosis (spinal osteoarthritis)

98
Q

an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament

A

sprain

99
Q

a small crack in a bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact

A

stress fracture

100
Q

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint

A

subluxation

101
Q

the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from joint

A

synovectomy

102
Q

a tumor of the tissues surrounding a synovial joint

A

synovial sarcoma

103
Q

inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint

A

synovitis

104
Q

any congenital deformity of the foot involving the ankle bones

A

talipes (club foot)

105
Q

surgery performed to restore a damaged hip to full function by removing the head of the femur and replacing it with a metal ball

A

total hip replacement (total hip arthroplasty)

106
Q

surgical placement of an artificial joint during which all parts of the knee are replaced

A

total knee replacement (total knee arthroplasty)

107
Q

a fracture that occurs straight across the bone

A

transverse fracture

108
Q

a screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass

A

ultrasonic bone density testing

109
Q

injections to add fluid to a joint

A

viscosupplementation

►MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STATES (65 decks)

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