Chapter 3 The Skeletal System Medical Terms Flashcards
a transplant in which the recipient receives bone marrow from a compatible donor
allogenic bone marrow transplant
a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
ankylosing spondylitis
the loss of absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure
ankylosis
an inflammatory condition of one or more joints
arthritis
surgical puncture of the joint space to remove synovial fluid for analysis
arthrocentesis
a surgical procedure to stiffen a joint
arthrodesis (surgical ankylosis)
surgical loosening of an anylosed joint
arthrolysis
surgical repair of a damaged joint; also the surgical replacement of a joint with an artificial joint
arthroplasty
stiffness of the joints, especially in elderly
arthrosclerosis
a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint
arthroscopic surgery
visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope
arthroscopy
a transplant utilizing the patient’s own bone marrow that was harvested before treatment began
autologous bone marrow transplant
a diagnostic test to determine losses or changes in bone density
bone density testing
a diagnostic test to determine why blood cells are abnormal or to find a donor match for a bone marrow transplant
bone marrow biopsy
cancer treatment in which abnormal bone marrow is destroyed and replaced with new stem cells
bone marrow transplant
a specialized nuclear scan that identifies new area of bone growth or breakdown
bone scan
inflammation of a bursa
bursitis
a bulging deposit that forms around the area of the break in a bone; also a thickening of the skin that is caused by repeated rubbing
callus
a slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells
chondroma
abnormal softening of the cartilage
chondromalacia
surgical repair of damaged cartilage
chondroplasty
a fracture in which the bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin
closed fracture (simple fracture of complete fracture)
the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation
closed reduction (manipulation)
a fracture at the lower end of the radius that occurs when a person tries to break a fall by landing on his or her hand
Colles’ fracture
a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
comminuted fracture
a fracture in which the bone is pressed together on itself
compression fracture (vertebral crush fracture)
an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
costochondritis
surgical removal of a portion of the skull
craniectomy
surgical repair of the skull
cranioplasty
the use of gentle touch to help the body release tension in order to correct restrictions resulting from stress on the CNS
craniosacral therapy
a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures
craniostenosis
a surgical incision or opening into the skull
craniotomy
the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together
crepitation (crepitus)
the total displacement of a bone from its joint
dislocation (luxation)
a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density
dual x-ray absorptiometry
a fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing
external fixation
the release of fat cells from yellow bone marrow into the bloodstream when a long bone is fractured
fat embolus
a bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous (scar-like) tissue
fibrous dysplasia
a broken bone
fracture
a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints
gouty arthritis (gout)
a type of fracture in which the bone is bent and only partially broken
greenstick fracture (incomplete fracture)
an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
hallux valgus (bunion)
blood within a joint
hemarthrosis
the breaking apart of a intervertebral disk that results in pressure or spinal nerve roots
herniated disk (slipped or ruptured disk)
an alternative to total hip replacement, a metal cap is placed over the head of the femur to allow it to move smoothly over a mental lining in the acetabulum
hip resurfacing
the act of holding, suturing, or fastening a bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast
immobilization (stabilization)
fracture treatment in which pins or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place
internal fixation (Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF))
an autoimmune disorder affecting children ages 16 years or less, with symptoms that include stifness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
kyphosis (humpback or Dowager’s hump)
the surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra
laminectomy
an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
lordosis (sway back)
pain of the lumbar region of the spine
lumbago (low back pain)
an imaging technique that uses a combination of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to create signals that are sent to a computer and converted into images of any plane through the body
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
a type of cancer that occurs in blood making cells of the red bone marrow
myeloma
any pathological change or disease of the spinal cord
myelopathy
a tumor on the spinal cord
myelosis
a fracture that occurs at an angle across the bone
oblique fracture
a fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
open fracture (compound fracture)
a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specifically designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function
orthotic
pain in a bone
ostealgia (osteodynia)
inflammation of bone
osteitis (ostitis)
the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging
osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage
osteochondroma
the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity
osteoclasis
abnormal softening of bones in adults
osteomalacia (adult rickets)
inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
osteomyelitis
the death of bone tissue due to an insufficient blood supply
osteonecrosis
mechanical spinal adjustment used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies by an osteopath
osteopathic manipulative therapy
thinner than average bone density
osteopenia
are also known as bone spurs
osteophytes
the surgical repair of a bone or bones
osteoplasty
a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging
osteoporosis
a fracture of hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall
osteoporotic hip fracture (broken hip)
surgical suturing or wiring together of bone
osteorrhaphy
the surgical cutting of a bone
osteotomy
a bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation
Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)
a procedure in which only part of the knee is replaced
partial knee replacement (PKR)
occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain
pathologic fracture
a procedure to treat a herniated intervertebral disk
percutaneous diskectomy
treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column
percutaneous vertebroplasty
an incision through the periosteum to the bone
periosteotomy
inflammation of the periosteum
periostitis
a geriatric inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness
polymyalgia rheumatica
a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone
primary bone cancer
a substitute for a diseased or missing part
prosthesis
the image produced by the use of radiant energy to visualize conditions such as bone fractures; also known as x-rays
radiograph (x-ray)
the replacement of a worn or failed implant
revision surgery
a chronic disorder in which the synovial membranes, and other body tissues, are inflamed and thickened
rheumatoid arthritis
a deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth due to vitamin D deficiency
Rickets (infantile osteomalacia)
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
tumors that have metastasized to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs
secondary bone cancer
condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate size of the head and trunk
short stature (dwarfism)
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord
spina bifida
a technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together two or more vertebrae
spinal fusion
a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
spiral fracture
the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra below it
spondylolisthesis
a degenerative disorder that can caused the loss of normal spinal structure and function
spondylosis (spinal osteoarthritis)
an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament
sprain
a small crack in a bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact
stress fracture
the partial displacement of a bone from its joint
subluxation
the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from joint
synovectomy
a tumor of the tissues surrounding a synovial joint
synovial sarcoma
inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint
synovitis
any congenital deformity of the foot involving the ankle bones
talipes (club foot)
surgery performed to restore a damaged hip to full function by removing the head of the femur and replacing it with a metal ball
total hip replacement (total hip arthroplasty)
surgical placement of an artificial joint during which all parts of the knee are replaced
total knee replacement (total knee arthroplasty)
a fracture that occurs straight across the bone
transverse fracture
a screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass
ultrasonic bone density testing
injections to add fluid to a joint
viscosupplementation
