Chapter 15 Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology Medical Terms Flashcards
the surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid
abdominocentesis
analgesic that reduces pain and fever, but does not relieve inflammation
acetaminophen
a traditional Chinese touch therapy involving finger pressure applied to specific areas of the body
acupressure
a traditional Chinese medical practice using very thin acupuncture needles to specific areas of the body
acupuncture
compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on a substance, habit, or practice
addiction
an undesirable reaction that accompanies the principle response for which the drug was taken
adverse drug reaction
the presence of the protein albumin in the urine
albuminuria
conventional medical practices and systems of health care
allopathic medicine
a general term for practices and systems of health care used in place of allopathic medicine
alternative medicine
a surgical puncture to remove amniotic fluid to evaluate fetal health and to diagnose certain congenital disorders
amniocentesis
a medication that relieves pain without affecting consciousness
analgesic
medication admininstered to relieve inflammation and pain
anti-inflammatory
medication that prevents seizures
anticonvulsant
medications administered to prevent or relieve depression
antidepressant
medication administered to prevent or reduce fever
antipyretic
a test to measure the pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels of arterial blood
arterial blood gas analysis
the puncture of an artery to obtain arterial blood
arterial stick
surgical puncture of the joint space to remove synovial fluid for analysis
arthrocentesis
listening for sounds within the body, usually done with a stethoscope
auscultation
traditional Hindu system of medicine
Ayurvedic medicine
the presence of bacteria in the urine
bacteriuria
a radiopaque contrast medium used primarily to visualize the gastrointestinal tract
barium
treatment that teaches a person to control bodily functions through cognitive control techniques to decrease stress
biofeedback
blood test performed to determine the amount of urea present in the blood
blood urea nitrogen
a single dose of a drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time
bolus
a specialized nuclear scan that identifies new area of bone growth or breakdown
bone scan
medication sold under the name given the drug by the manufacturer
brand name
an abnormal sound or murmur heard during auscultation of an airway
bruit
a blood test that detects high levels of inflammation within the body
C-reactive protein
the presence of calcium in the urine
calciuria
technique used to obtain a small amount of blood for a blood test
capillary puncture
the puncture of a chamber of the heart for diagnosis or therapy
cardiocentesis (cardiopuncture)
a surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid
centesis
a system of mechanical spinal adjustments made by a chiropractor to correct biomedical problems in the skeleton
chiropractic manipulative therapy
the recording of fluoroscopy images
cineradiography
practice and systems of health care used to supplement allopathic medicine
complementary medicine
a series of blood tests performed as a group to evaluate several blood conditions
complete blood cell count
an imaging technique that uses a thin, fan-shaped x-ray beam to produce multiple cross-sectional views of the body
computed tomography
a factor in the patient’s condition that makes the use of a medication or specific treatment dangerous or ill advised
contraindication
a substance used to make visible structures that are otherwise hard to see
contrast medium
the use of gentle touch to help the body release tension in order to correct restrictions resulting from stress on the CNS
craniosacral therapy
an increased concentration of creatinine in the urine
creatinuria
tests performed to determine the compatibility of blood donor and recipient before a transfusion
crossmatch tests
an ultrasonic diagnostic procedure that measures the speed and direction of the blood flow within the heart
Doppler echocardiogram
position where the patient is lying on the back, face up, with the knees bent
dorsal recumbent position
the result of drugs reacting with each other, often in ways that are unexpected or potentially harmful
drug interaction
an ultrasonic diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the structures and motion of the heart
echocardiography
a small, flexible tube with a light and lens on the end
endoscope
a surgical procedure performed through very small incisions with the use of an endoscope and specialized instruments
endoscopic surgery
the visual examination of the interior of a body cavity or organ
endoscopy
a blood test based on the speed with which the red blood cells separate from the plasma and settle to the bottom of a specialized test tube
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (sed rate)
dental radiograph where the film is placed and exposed outside of the mouth
extraoral radiography
a noninvasive procedure used to image and evaluate fetal development during pregnancy
fetal ultrasound
the visualization of body parts in motion by projecting x-ray images on a luminous fluorescent screen
fluoroscopy
medication name for its chemical structure that is not protected by a brand name or trademark
generic drug
the presence of glucose in the urine
glycosuria
a type of treatment in which a patient follows verbal prompts to envision a peaceful location and distance himself from current pain and stress
guided imagery
an abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listening to the heart or neighboring large blood vessels
heart murmur
a blood test that measures the percentage by volume of red blood cells in a whole blood sample
hematocrit
the presence of blood in the urine
hematuria
a treatment approach that takes into consideration the whole body and its environment, including the mind, body, and spirit
holistic
the belief that the body can stimulate its own healing responses when the right substance is given in minute doses
homeopathy
on the back with the face up
horizontal recumbent position (supine position)
an extremely high fever
hyperthermia
a type of therapy in which a patient is placed in a susceptible state and then given suggestions directed toward their treatment goal
hypnosis
an abnormally low body temperature
hypothermia
an unexpected reaction to a drug that is peculiar to the individual
idiosyncratic reaction
the administration of medication in the form of vapor and gases taken in through the nose or mouth and absorbed into the blood stream through the lungs
inhalation administration
a health care model based on both allopathic and alternative medicine
integrative medicine
the use of radiographic imaging to guide a procedure or confirm placement of an inserted object
interventional radiology
the administration of medication by injection into the middle layers of the skin
intradermal injection
the administration of medication by injection directly into muscle tissue
intramuscular injection
the placement of x-ray film within the mouth with the camera positioned next to the cheek
intraoral radiography
the administration of medication by injection directly into a vein
intravenous injection
the presence of ketones in the urine
ketonuria
position in which the patient is lying face down with the hips bent so that the knees and chest rest on the table
knee-chest position
the visual examination of the interior of the abdomen with the use of a laparoscope
larparoscopy
a blood test that measures the amounts of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides
lipid panel
an examination position in which the patient is lying on the back with the feet and legs raised and supported in stirrups
lithotomy position
a specialized MRI study using a contrast medium to locate problems with blood vessels throughout the body
magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) (magnetic resonance angio)
an imaging technique that uses a combination of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to create signals that are sent to a computer and converted into images of any plane through the body
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
treatment for stress focused on maintaining a calm, constant awareness and acceptance of thoughts and emotions
mindfulness meditation
a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorder, and carpal tunnel syndrome
myofascial release
a form of alternative medicine emphasizing the healing power of nature and support of the body’s own healing ability
naturopathy (naturopathic medicine)
a form of massage that uses soft-tissue manipulation focusing on applying pressure to trigger points to treat injuries and alleviate pain
neuromuscular therapy
medications administered to control pain by reducing inflammation and swelling
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
a diagnostic procedure that uses nuclear medicine technology to gather information about the structure and function of organs or body systems
nuclear scan (scintigram)
an instrument used to examine the interior of the eye
ophthalmoscope
medication taken by mouth to be absorbed through the walls of the stomach or small intestine
oral administration
mechanical spinal adjustment used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies by an osteopath
osteopathic manipulative therapy
an instrument used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane
otoscope
a substance that eases the pain or severity of a disease but does not cure it
palliative
an examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistence, and location of certain body parts
palpation
the result of medical treatment that yields the exact opposite of normally expected results
paradoxical drug reaction
the administration of medication by injection through a hypodermic syringe
parenteral administration
a diagnostic procedure to determine the density of a body area that uses the sound by tapping the surface with the fingers
percussion
the flow of blood through an organ
perfusion
the puncture of the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid
pericardiocentesis
the puncture of a vein for the purposes of drawing blood
phlebotomy (venipuncture)
an inactive substance that is given for its suggestive effects
placebo
a blood screening test that measures the number of platelets in a specified amount of blood
platelet count
an imaging technique that combines tomography with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images of selected body organs or areas
positron emisson tomography (PET imaging)
a medication that can legally be dispensed only by a pharmacist with an order from a licenses professional
prescription drug
position where the patient lies face down on the abdomen
prone position
the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine
proteinuria
a blood test used to diagnose conditions associated with abnormalities of clotting time and to monitor anticoagulant therapy
prothrombin time (pro time)
the presence of pus in the urine
pyuria
a Chinese system of movement, breathing techniques, and meditation
Qi Gong
the image produced by the use of radiant energy to visualize conditions such as bone fractures; also known as x-rays
radiograph
the use of x-radiation to visualize hard-tissue internal structure
radiography
the use of radiant energy and radioactive substances in medicine for diagnosis and treatment
radiology
a substance that allows x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray on the resulting film
radiolucent
a substance that does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film
radiopaque
an abnormal crackle-like lung sound heart while breathing in
rale (crackle)
the insertion of medication into the rectum as either suppositories or liquid solutions
rectal administrations
any position in which the patient is lying down
recumbent
a blood test that is performed to determine the number of erythrocytes in the blood
red blood cell count
a course ratting sound somewhat like snoring, usually caused by secretions in the bronchial airways
rhonchi
a blood test that measures the ability of the liver to take up, process, and secrete bilirubin into the bile
serum bilirubin test
an examination position in which the patient is lying on the left side with the right knee and thigh drawn up with the left arm placed along the back
Sims’ position
a type of nuclear imaging test that produces 3D computer reconstructed images showing perfusion through tissues and organs
single photon emission tomography (SPECT)
an instrument used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior
speculum
an instrument used to measure blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
an instrument used to listen to sounds within the body
stethoscope
an abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or larynx
stridor
the administration of medication by injection into the fatty layer just below the skin
subcutaneous injection
the placement of medication under the tongue where it is allowed to dissolve slowly
sublingual administration
a specialized nuclear scan to evaluate thyroid function
thyroid scan
a diagnostic test to measure the circulating blood level of thyroid-stimulating hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone assay
acquired unresponsiveness to a specific antigen or decline in effective response to a drug usually due to repeated use
tolerance
combination of tomography with radiation therapy to precisely target tumor cells
tomotherapy
liquid or ointment rubbed into the skin on the area to be treated
topical application
a blood test that measures the amount of hemoglobin found in whole blood
total hemoglobin test
a system of ancient Chinese medicinal treatments, including acupuncture, to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease
traditional Chinese medicine
a method of pain control by wearing a device that delivers small electrical impulses to the nerve endings through the small skin
transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation
the administration of medication through the unbroken skin so that it is absorbed continuously to produce a systemic effect
transdermal
an ultrasonic imaging technique that is performed from inside the esophagus to evaluate heart structures
transesophageal echocardiography
the imaging of deep body structures by recording the echoes of sound wave pulses that are above the range of human hearing; also known as ultrasound
ultrasonography (ultrasound or diagnostic ultrasound)
the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements
urinalysis
a blood test to determine the number of leukocytes in the blood
white blood cell count
a blood test to determine what percentage of the total white blood cell count is composed of each of the five type of leukocytes
white blood cell differential
