Chapter 6: The Spleen Flashcards
a small round island of splenic tissue often located near the splenic hilum or near the tail of the pancreas; also referred to as a spelnule, a splenunculus, or a supernumery spleen
accessory spleen
a rare malignant tumor of the spleen that is derived from blood vessels
angiosarcoma
congenital absence of the spleen
asplenia
the gradual fibrosis and dysfunction of the spleen secondary to a disease
autosplenectomy
presence of bacteria in the blood
bacteremia
an infection on the surface of the heart that can spread to other organs
bacterial endocarditis
a growth disorder syndrome synonymous with enlargement of several organs include the skull, tongue, and liver
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
non-penetrating injury to the body
blunt trauma
having a round inward surface
concave
having a rounded exterior surface
convex
the splenic process of removing irregular red blood cells from the bloodstream
culling
a herpes virus that can lead to infection mononucleosis
Epstein-Barr infection
the process of making red blood cells
erythropoeisis
the spleen’s hematopoeitic function which can return in cases of severe anemia
extramedullary hematopoesis
small echogenic calcifications that result from inflammation of the tissue in that area
granulomas
an inherited disease that disrupts the normal immune system and causes it to malfunction, resulting in immunodeficiency; chronic inflammation can lead to development of granulomas in several organs
granulomatous disease
a benign tumor composed of blood vessels
hemangioma
a group of inherited syndromes in which the organs of the chest and abdomen are abnormally arranged; often includes either asplenia or polysplenia and many other anomalies
heterotaxia syndromes
a disease the results from the inhalation of an airborne fungus that can affect the lungs and may spread to other organs
histoplasmosis
carcinoma of the lymphocytes that has a relatively high recovery rate; cancer of the lymphatic system
Hodgkin lymphoma
a cyst that results from the parasitic infestation of an organ by a tapeworm
hydatid cyst
an overactive spleen; cytopenia caused by splenomegaly
hypersplenism
a reduction in the number of leukocytes in the blood
leukopenia
braking down of a cellular membrane
lysis
an infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
mononucleosis
carcinoma of the lymphocyte; cancer of the lymphatic system
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
bone infection caused by fungus or bacteria
osteomyelitis
the splenic process of cleaning red blood cells of unwanted material
pitting
having many small islands of splenic tissue
polysplenia
the elevation of blood pressure within the portal venous system
portal hypertension
specialized tissue within the spleen that performs its phagocytic function
red pulp
the cells that indicate the presence of Hodgkin lymphoma
Reed-Stemberg cells
phagocytic system of the body that helps remove dead and toxic particles from the blood
reticuloendothelial system
a systemic disease that results in the development of granulomas throughout the body
sarcoidosis
an inherited disease in which the body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells
sickle cell anemias
surgical removal of the spleen
splenectomy
a congenital anomaly in which the spleen is divided into two portions by a band of tissue
splenic cleft
benign splenic mass that has been associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and tuberous sclerosis
splenic hamartoma
an area within the spleen that has become necrotic owing to a lack of oxygen
splenic infarct
benign tumor composed of lymph spaces
splenic lymphangioma
the twisting of the splenic vasculature causing a disruption in blood supply to the spleen and subsequent ischemia
splenic torsion
enlargement of the spleen
splenomegaly
the implantation of ectopic splenic tissue possibly secondary to splenic rupture
splenosis
an accessory spleen
splenule
a systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors (hamartomas) within various organs
tuberous sclerosis
a highly mobile spleen
wandering spleen
specialized lymphatic tissue with the spleen
white pukp
The spleen is the largest structure of the ________ system.
reticuloendothelial
The spleen is a ____ peritoneal organ
intra
The spleen is located within the ______ quadrant
left upper
The primary function of the spleen is:
filter peripheral blood
The ______ ligament attaches the spleen to the stomach
gastrosplenic
The spleen is _____ to the diaphragm
inferior
The spleen is ______ to the stomach
posterolateral
The spleen has a _____ inferior surface and _____ superior surface
concave
convex
Largest lymphatic organ
spleen
The spleen begins to develop around the ___ week of gestation
5
The spleen is responsible for ______ in the fetus
erythropoeisis
The spleen is composed of ___ and ____ pulp
red
white
white blood cells
lymphocytes
produces and houses lymphocytes; carries out spleen’s lymphatic function
white pulp
contains red blood cells and macrophages; performs phagocytic function
red pulp
_____ engulf and destroy pathogens
Phagocytes
removal of irregular blood cells from the bloodstream
culling
clean red blood cells of unwanted material
pitting
marks superior border of pancreatic body and tail
splenic artery
The ______ enters the splenic hilum superior and anterior to splenic vein
splenic artery
The splenic artery has a ____ resistance flow pattern.
low
Exits spleen and travels along posterior border or pancreatic tail and body
splenic vein
The splenic vein joins with the _____ posterior to pancreatic neck to form the portal vein
superior mesenteric vein
located along the medial surface of the spleen
splenic hilum
also referred to as a splenule, splenunculus, or a supernumerary spleen
accessory spleen
small round island of splenic tissue
accessory spleen
Accessory spleens are typically located near the _____ or possibly near the ______
splenic hilum
tail of pancreas
The spleen may appear to be divided by a hyperechoic line
splenic cleft
largest structure of the reticuloendothelial system
spleen
The spleen is an ____peritoneal organ
intra
The primary function of the spleen
filter the peripheral blood
The _______ attaches the spleen to the stomach
gastrosplenic ligamett
The spleen is inferior to the ______
diaphragm
The spleen is located posterolateral to the ____
stomach
The spleen has a ____ inferior surface
concave
The spleen has a _____ superior surface
convez
The spleen begins to develop around the ___ week of gestation
5
The spleen is responsible for _______ in the fetus
erythropoeisis
the spleen is composed of ____ and ____ pilp
white
red
produces and houses lymphocytes; carries out spleen’s lymphatic function
white pulp
white blood cells; fight infections and many diseases
leukocytes
contains red blood cells and macrophages; perform phagocytic function
red pulp
engulf and destroy pathogens
phagocytes
removal of irregular blood cells from bloodstream
culling
clean red blood cells of unwanted material
pitting
The splenic artery is a branch of the ____
celiac trunk
The splenic artery marks the superior border of the _____ and _____
pancreatic body and tail
The splenic artery enters the splenic hilum superior and anterior to the _____
splenic vein
exits spleen and travels along posterior border of pancreatic tail and bod
splenic vein
The splenic vein joins with the SMV posterior to pancreatic neck to form the ______
portal vien
The splenic vein flows _____ the liver
toward
located along medial surface of spleen; location of splenic vessels
splenic hilum
also referred to as a splenule, splenunuculus, or a supernumerary spleen
accessory spleen
small round island of splenic tissue
accessory spleen
An accessory spleen is typically located near the ______ or possible near ______
splenic hilum
tail of pancreas
congenital absence of spleen
asplenia
leads to development of multiple small masses of splenic tissue
polysplenia
Asplenia and polysplenia are associated with ______ syndromes
heterotaxia
splenic ligaments absent or underdeveloped
wandering spleen
body’s normal response to infection or inflammation
leukocytosis
reduction in number of leukocytes
leukopenia
most common abnormality of the spleen
splenomegaly
The spleen should never measure more than ____ in length
12-13 cm
The spleen should never measure more than ___ in thickness
6cm
Most common cause of splenomegaly
portal hypertension
implantation of ectopic splenic tissue; can occur following splenic rupture
splenosis
epithelial cysts
true splenic cysts
The _____ cyst is the result of a tapeworm (echinococcus granulosus
hydatid cyst
may be caused by staphylcoccus aureus, streptococcus, or salmonella
splenic abscesses
tissue that has been deprived of oxygen and dies
splenic infarct
acute stage of splenic infarct
hypoechoic wedge shaped mass
chronic stage of splenic infarct
tend to appear to more echogenic than normal tissue
A splenic hematoma can be _____ or within _____
subcapsular
parenchyma
hyperechoic line within spleen immediately folowing trauma
laceration
most common benign tumor of the spleen
hemangioma
well-defined hyperechoic mass
splenic hemangioma
small echogenic foci, individual or multiple, produce acoustic shadows,
granulamatous disease
benign hypoechic mass; associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, tuberous sclerosis
splenic hamaroma
primary malignant tumor the spleen
angiosarcoma
most common malignany of the spleen
lymphoma
Hodkin lymphoma can be suspected with the presence of:
Reed-sternberg cells
benign lesion that is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system
splenic lymphangioma
multi cysts masses that contain hypoechoic or anechoic locules and hyperechoic septations
splenic lymphangioma
group of inherited blood disorder that affects hemoglobin
sickle cell anemia
abnormal crescent-shaped red blood cells that tend to attach to each other and obstruct normal vascular channels
sickle cell anemia
