Chapter 15: Gynecologic Sonography Overview Flashcards
the area located posterior to the broad ligaments, adjacent to uterus, which contains the ovaries and fallopian tubes
adnexa
A protein produced by the fetal yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract, and the fetal liver; may also be produced by some malignant tumors
alpha-fetoprotein
birth defect in which the external genitalia appear recognizably neither male nor female
ambiguous genitalia
the absence of menstruation
amenorrhea
a collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity
ascites
a tumor marker in the blood that can indicate certain types of cancers such as cancer of the ovary, endometrium, breast, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs; stands for cancer antigen 125
CA-125
a diagnostic modality that utilizes ionizing radiation to produce images of the human body in cross-sectional and reconstructed 3D formats
computed tomography
difficult or painful menstruation
dysmennorhea
painful sexual intercourse
dyspareunia
painful or difficult urination
dysuria
the sonographic appearance of a structure
echotexture
a pregnancy located outside of the endometrial cavity of the uterus
ectopic pregnancy
a means of looking inside the human body by utilizing an endoscope
endoscopy
the distinct layering of fluids within a cyst or cystic structure that is caused by the presence of at least two different fluid compositions
fluid-fluid level
a catheter placed into the urinary bladder via the urethra that is used to drain urine; it can also be clamped and used to temporarily distend the bladder for pelvic sonography
Foley catheter
a laboratory value that indicates the amount of red blood cells in the blood
hematocrit
excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligable
hirsutism
a hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta; may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males
human chorionic gonadotropin
the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder; also referred to as pelvocaliectasis, peliecaliectasis, or pyelecalectasis
hydronephrosis
decreased or scant menstrual flow; regular timed menses but light flow
hypomennorhea
inability to control urination
incontinence
inability to conceive a child after 1 year of unprotected intercourse
infertility
a common form of birth control in which a small device is placed within the endometrium to prevent pregnancy; also referred to as an intrauterine contraceptive device
intrauterine device
an enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker for some ovarian tumors
lactate dehydrogenase
an elevated white blood cell count
leukocytosis
a diagnostic modality that utilizes electromagnetic radiation to produce images of the human body in cross-sectional and reconstructed 3D formats
MRI
ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of some benign ovarian tumors
Meigs syndrome
excessive or prolonged bleeding between periods
menometroorrhagia
abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation
menorrhagia
irregular menstrual bleeding between periods; intermenstrual bleeding
metrorrhagia
having multiple chambers or compartments
multiloculated
growth or masses attached to the wall of a structure; most likely a cyst
mural nodules
a mass of tissue that contains abnormal cells; also called a tumor
neoplasm
a diagnostic imaging modality that utilizes the administration of radionuclides into the human body for an analysis of the function of organs, or for the treatment of various abnormalities
nuclear medicine
an abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting off blood supply to the ovary
ovarian torsion
an infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or fallopian tubes
pelvic inflammatory diseaes
kidney located within the pelvis
pelvic kidney
the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
pleural effusion
a syndrome characterized by anovulatory cycles, infertility, hirsutism, amenorrhea, and obesity; may also be referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome
polycystic ovary syndrome
an intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that results from the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor or, possibly, a malignant tumor of the appendix
pseudomyxoma peritonei
a diagnostic imaging modality that uses ionizing radiation for imaging bones, organs, and some soft-tissue structures
radiography
separations; structures that divides something into different sections
septations
sonographic sign obtained during an endovaginal sonogram when gentle probe pressure is used to assess whether the anterior rectum and sigmoid colon glides freely across the posterior aspect of the uterus, cervix, and vaginal wall
sliding sign
an anechoic round mass that has smooth walls and demonstrates through transmission (acoustic enhancement)
simple cyst
a sonographic procedure that utilizes saline installation into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities; also referred to as saline infusion sonohysterography
sonohysterogram
a breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast
tamoxifen
sonogram that requires the transducer to be placed against the labia; often used for imaging of the cervix
translabial sonogram
a chromosomal aberration where one sex chromosome is absent; may also be referred to as monosomy x
Turner syndrome
having one chamber of compartment
unilocular
changes within the female that are caused by increased androgens; may lead to deepening of the voice and hirsutism
virilization
an inherited bleeding disorder that is characterized by low levels of a specific clotting protein in the blood referred to as von Willebrand factor, results in excessive bleeding and specifically vaginal bleeding in women
von Willebrand disease
without echoes
anechoic
having both cystic and solid components
complex
structure that produces echoes
echogenic
of differing composition
heterogenous
of uniform composition
homogenous
having many echoes
hyperechoic
having few echoes
hypoechoic
having the same echogenicity
isoechoic
Normal oral body temperature
98.6
Normal adult pulse
60-100 bpm
Normal adult blood pressure
120/8-
normal adult respiration
12-20 breaths per minute
If the sterility of an object is questionable, it is _____
not sterile
A sterile field ends at the level of the _____
tabletop
The _____ of a sterile gown is considered not sterile.
cuff
If one sterile person must pass another, they much pass _____
back to back
coughing, sneezing, or excessive talking over a sterile field leads to ______
contamination
caused by a large acoustic interface and subsequent production of false echoes
reverberation
