Chapter 19: The Menstrual Cycle Flashcards
What hormone is produced by the theca internal cells of the ovary?
estrogen
What ovarian phase would the endometrium measure between 4 and 8 mm
follicular
Which of the following is not a typical cause of AUB?
a. endometrial polyp
b. adenomyosis
c. endometrial hyperplasia
d. ovarian cystic teratoma
d
What is the term given to a condition that is the result of medical treatment?
iatrogenic
An individual who does not experience menarche before the age of 16 is said to be suffering from:
primary amennorhea
Monthly symptom of menstruation without bleeding is termed:
cryptomennorhea
Which of the following stimulates the contractile motion within the uterine myometrium?
a. LH
b. Progesterone
c. FSH
d. Estrogen
d
You are performing a sonogram on a patient with an unknown last menstrual period. Sonographically, you note a thick, echgenic endometrium, and a complex mostly cystic mass on the right ovary. You also note a small amount of posterior cul-de-sac fluid. For this patient, which of the following would be most true?
a. she is at midcycle
b. she is in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
c. she is in the proliferative phase of the ovarian cycle
d. she is in the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
d
Mittelschmerz is described as:
pain at the time of ovulation
What temporary structure develops before the corpus luteum?
corpus hemorrhagicum
What phase occurs on day 3 of the menstrual cycle?
early proliferative
What hormone maintains the thickness of the endometrium after ovulation?
progesterone
Which layer of the endometrium appears hyperechoic during the periovulatory phase>
basal layer
Ovulation typically occurs on day ___ of the menstrual cycle.
14
What structure may be noted on the ovary just before ovulation?
Graafian follicle
FSH is produced by the:
anterior pituitary gland
When the ovary is in the luteal phase, the endometrium is in the:
secretory
A change in menstrual bleeding associated with lesions within the uterus relates to:
AUB
Painful and difficult menstruation is termed:
dysmennorhea
The temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the Graafian follicle is the:
corpus luteum
Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy?
hcGt
What is the typical sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase?
hyperechoic and thick
An increase in the number of endometrial cells is termed:
endometrial hyperplasia
Which of the following is said to be a common cause of DUB?
PCOS
When the sonographic three-line sign in present, the functional layer of the endometrium typically appears:
hypoechoic
The structure noted within the Graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is the:
cumulous oophorus
Which of the following would not be a cause of AUB?
a. endometrial hyperplasia
b. hypothyroidism
c. adenomyosis
d. ovarian torsion
d
Which structure remains after the corpus luteum has regressed?
corpus albicans
The hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of the ovary is:
FSH
What structure produces hormones that directly act upon the endometrium to produce varying thicknesses and sonographic appearances?
ovary
The first phase of the ovarian cycle is:
follicular phase
The hormone produced by the hypothalamus that controls the release of the hormones for menstruation by the anterior pituitary gland is:
GnRh
The dominant follicle is also termed the:
Graafian follicle
The hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta is:
hCG
The hormone that surges at ovulation is:
LH
The first phase of the endometrial cycle is the:
proliferative phase
What is defined as frequent regular cycles but less than 21 days apart?
polymenorrhea
Which hormones released by the ovary during the proliferative phase stimulates endometrial thickening?
estrogen
The periovulatory phase may also be referred to as the:
late proliferative phase
The corpus luteum primarily releases:
progesterone
Which of the following could also be described as intermenstrual bleeding?
a. metrorrhagia
b. polymennorhea
c. menometrorrhagia
d. menorrhagia
a
ectopic endometrial tissue within the uterus that leads to AUB is termed:
adenomyossi
The arteries within the functional layer of the endometrium that are altered by the hormones of the ovary and are shed with menstruation are the:
spiral arteries
During which phase of the endometrial cycle would the endometrium yield the three-line sign?
late proliferative
The second phase of the endometrial cycle is the:
secretory phase
Which of the following hormones is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle?
a. LH
b. FSH
c. hCG
d. Progesterone
d
LH is produced by the:
anterior pituitary gland
The average menstrual cycle lasts:
28 days
The first menstrual cycle is termed:
menarche
The measurement of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from:
4 to 8 mm
The second phase of the ovarian cycle is called the:
luteal phase
The two hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that impact the menstrual cycle are:
LH and FSH
a change in menstrual bleeding patterns caused by either endocrine abnormalities or lesions within the uterus
abnormal uterine bleeding
the benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus
adenomyosis
absence of ovulation
anovulation
the anterior segment of the pituitary gland, which is responsible for releasing follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone during the menstrual cycle
anterior pituitary gland
degeneration of a follicle
atresia
the stage at which the conceptus implants within the decidualized endometrium
blastocyst
blood clotting disorder
coagulopathy
the remaining structure of the corpus luteum after its detioration
corpus albicans
