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Sonographic Topics > Chapter 19: The Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Chapter 19: The Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone is produced by the theca internal cells of the ovary?

A

estrogen

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2
Q

What ovarian phase would the endometrium measure between 4 and 8 mm

A

follicular

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3
Q

Which of the following is not a typical cause of AUB?
a. endometrial polyp
b. adenomyosis
c. endometrial hyperplasia
d. ovarian cystic teratoma

A

d

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4
Q

What is the term given to a condition that is the result of medical treatment?

A

iatrogenic

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5
Q

An individual who does not experience menarche before the age of 16 is said to be suffering from:

A

primary amennorhea

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6
Q

Monthly symptom of menstruation without bleeding is termed:

A

cryptomennorhea

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7
Q

Which of the following stimulates the contractile motion within the uterine myometrium?
a. LH
b. Progesterone
c. FSH
d. Estrogen

A

d

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8
Q

You are performing a sonogram on a patient with an unknown last menstrual period. Sonographically, you note a thick, echgenic endometrium, and a complex mostly cystic mass on the right ovary. You also note a small amount of posterior cul-de-sac fluid. For this patient, which of the following would be most true?
a. she is at midcycle
b. she is in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
c. she is in the proliferative phase of the ovarian cycle
d. she is in the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

A

d

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9
Q

Mittelschmerz is described as:

A

pain at the time of ovulation

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10
Q

What temporary structure develops before the corpus luteum?

A

corpus hemorrhagicum

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11
Q

What phase occurs on day 3 of the menstrual cycle?

A

early proliferative

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12
Q

What hormone maintains the thickness of the endometrium after ovulation?

A

progesterone

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13
Q

Which layer of the endometrium appears hyperechoic during the periovulatory phase>

A

basal layer

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14
Q

Ovulation typically occurs on day ___ of the menstrual cycle.

A

14

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15
Q

What structure may be noted on the ovary just before ovulation?

A

Graafian follicle

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16
Q

FSH is produced by the:

A

anterior pituitary gland

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17
Q

When the ovary is in the luteal phase, the endometrium is in the:

A

secretory

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18
Q

A change in menstrual bleeding associated with lesions within the uterus relates to:

A

AUB

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19
Q

Painful and difficult menstruation is termed:

A

dysmennorhea

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20
Q

The temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the Graafian follicle is the:

A

corpus luteum

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21
Q

Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy?

A

hcGt

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22
Q

What is the typical sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase?

A

hyperechoic and thick

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23
Q

An increase in the number of endometrial cells is termed:

A

endometrial hyperplasia

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24
Q

Which of the following is said to be a common cause of DUB?

A

PCOS

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25
Q

When the sonographic three-line sign in present, the functional layer of the endometrium typically appears:

A

hypoechoic

26
Q

The structure noted within the Graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is the:

A

cumulous oophorus

27
Q

Which of the following would not be a cause of AUB?
a. endometrial hyperplasia
b. hypothyroidism
c. adenomyosis
d. ovarian torsion

A

d

28
Q

Which structure remains after the corpus luteum has regressed?

A

corpus albicans

29
Q

The hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of the ovary is:

A

FSH

30
Q

What structure produces hormones that directly act upon the endometrium to produce varying thicknesses and sonographic appearances?

A

ovary

31
Q

The first phase of the ovarian cycle is:

A

follicular phase

32
Q

The hormone produced by the hypothalamus that controls the release of the hormones for menstruation by the anterior pituitary gland is:

A

GnRh

33
Q

The dominant follicle is also termed the:

A

Graafian follicle

34
Q

The hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta is:

A

hCG

35
Q

The hormone that surges at ovulation is:

A

LH

36
Q

The first phase of the endometrial cycle is the:

A

proliferative phase

37
Q

What is defined as frequent regular cycles but less than 21 days apart?

A

polymenorrhea

38
Q

Which hormones released by the ovary during the proliferative phase stimulates endometrial thickening?

A

estrogen

39
Q

The periovulatory phase may also be referred to as the:

A

late proliferative phase

40
Q

The corpus luteum primarily releases:

A

progesterone

41
Q

Which of the following could also be described as intermenstrual bleeding?
a. metrorrhagia
b. polymennorhea
c. menometrorrhagia
d. menorrhagia

A

a

42
Q

ectopic endometrial tissue within the uterus that leads to AUB is termed:

A

adenomyossi

43
Q

The arteries within the functional layer of the endometrium that are altered by the hormones of the ovary and are shed with menstruation are the:

A

spiral arteries

44
Q

During which phase of the endometrial cycle would the endometrium yield the three-line sign?

A

late proliferative

45
Q

The second phase of the endometrial cycle is the:

A

secretory phase

46
Q

Which of the following hormones is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle?
a. LH
b. FSH
c. hCG
d. Progesterone

A

d

47
Q

LH is produced by the:

A

anterior pituitary gland

48
Q

The average menstrual cycle lasts:

A

28 days

49
Q

The first menstrual cycle is termed:

A

menarche

50
Q

The measurement of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from:

A

4 to 8 mm

51
Q

The second phase of the ovarian cycle is called the:

A

luteal phase

52
Q

The two hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that impact the menstrual cycle are:

A

LH and FSH

53
Q

a change in menstrual bleeding patterns caused by either endocrine abnormalities or lesions within the uterus

A

abnormal uterine bleeding

54
Q

the benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus

A

adenomyosis

55
Q

absence of ovulation

A

anovulation

56
Q

the anterior segment of the pituitary gland, which is responsible for releasing follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone during the menstrual cycle

A

anterior pituitary gland

57
Q

degeneration of a follicle

A

atresia

58
Q

the stage at which the conceptus implants within the decidualized endometrium

A

blastocyst

59
Q

blood clotting disorder

A

coagulopathy

60
Q

the remaining structure of the corpus luteum after its detioration

A

corpus albicans

61
Q
A

Sonographic Topics (35 decks)

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