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Sonographic Topics > Chapter 32: Fetal Environment and Maternal Complications > Flashcards

Chapter 32: Fetal Environment and Maternal Complications Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the most common TORCH infections?

A

cytomegalovirus

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2
Q

Protective skin covering that may be sloughed off during pregnancy is referred to as:

A

vernix

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3
Q

Which of the following is described as the focal dilation of the abdominal portion of the umbilical vein?
a. allantoic cyst
b. umbilical cord varix
c. umbilical cord aneurysm
d. umbilical cord berry

A

b

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4
Q

The umbilical cord forms from the fusion of what two structures?

A

omphalomesenteric duct and yolk stalk

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5
Q

What is the philtrum?

A

vertical groove between the upper lip and the nasal septum

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6
Q

Which of the following is not associated with FAS?
a. cleft palate
b. microphalthmia
c. malformed ears
d. macrocephaly

A

d

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7
Q

A macrosomic fetus is predisposed to suffer from:

A

shoulder dystocia

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8
Q

Which of the following is used to surgically treat an incompetent cervix?
a. cervical flap
b. cerclage
c. philtrum
d. pessary

A

b

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9
Q

Which of the following is not included in HELLP syndrome?
a. pyuria
b. hemolysis
c. elevated liver enzymes
d. low platelet count

A

a

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10
Q

Nonimmune hydrops is associated with all of the following except:
a. RH isoimmunization
b. pleural effusion
c. Turner syndrome
d. fetal infections

A

a

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11
Q

The maternal contribution to the placenta is the:

A

decidual basalis

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12
Q

The placenta releases _____ to maintain the corpus luteum.

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

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13
Q

An anechoic mass is noted within the umbilical cord during a routine sonographic examination. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

allantoic cyst

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14
Q

With Rh isoimmunization, the maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the fetal:

A

red blood cells

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15
Q

Mothers with pregestational diabetes, as opposed to gestational diabetes, have an increased risk of a fetus with:

A

neural tube defects

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16
Q

A succenturiate lobe of the placenta refers to:

A

accessory lobe

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17
Q

Pools of maternal blood noted within the placental substance are referred to as:

A

maternal lakes

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18
Q

The fetal contribution of the placenta is the:

A

chorion frondosumW

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19
Q

Which of the following would be least likely associated with immune hydrops?
a. Fetal hepatomegaly
b. fetal splenomegaly
c. anasarca
d. leiomyoma

A

dW

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20
Q

The placenta is considered too thick when it measures:

A

greater than 4cm

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21
Q

All of the following are associated with a thin placenta except:
a. preeclampsia
b. IUGR
c. fetal hydrops
d. long-standing diabetes

A

c

22
Q

What would be most likely confused for a uterine leiomyoma?

A

myometrial contraction

23
Q

When the placenta completely covers the internal os, it is referred to as:

A

total previa

24
Q

One of the most common causes of painless vaginal bleeding in the second and third trimesters is:

A

placenta previa

25
Q

All of the following are associated with a thick placenta except:
a. fetal infections
b. Rh isoimmunization
c. placental insufficiency
d. multiple gestations

A

c

26
Q

Placenta accreta denotes:

A

the abnormal attachment of the placenta to the myometrium

27
Q

Dopper sonography reveals vascular structures coursing over the internal os of the cervix. This finding is indicative of:

A

vasa previa

28
Q

All of the following are clinical features of placental abruption except:
a. vaginal bleeding
b. uterine tenderness
c. abdominal pain
d. funneling of the cervix

A

d

29
Q

Penetration of the placenta beyond the uterine wall would be referred to as:

A

placenta percreta

30
Q

All of the following are associated with oligohydramnios except:
a. bilateral renal agenesis
b. infantile polycystic kidney disease
c. PROM
d. duodenal atresia

A

d

31
Q

The most common placental tumor is:

A

chorioangioma

32
Q

Pregnancy-induced maternal high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks gestation is termed:

A

preeclampsia

33
Q

The normal umbilical cord has:

A

two arteries and one vein

34
Q

Insertion of the umbilical cord at the edge of the placenta is referred to as:

A

marginal cord insertion

35
Q

Increased S/D ratio is associated with all of the following except:
a. IUGR
b. placental insufficiency
c. allantoic cysts
d. perinatal mortality

A

c

36
Q

A velamentous cord insertion is associated with which of the following?
a. placenta increta
b. placental abruption
c. vasa previa
d. circumvallate placenta

A

c

37
Q

The normal umbilical cord insertion point into the placenta ia:

A

central

38
Q

Normally, the S/D ratio:
a. increases with advancing gestation
b. decreases with advancing gestation
c. reverses occasionally during a normal pregnancy
d. has an absent diastolic componenet

A

b

39
Q

Fetal TORCH is frequently associated with:

A

intracranial calcifications

40
Q

Evidence of polyhydramnios should warrant a careful investigation of the fetal:

A

gastrointestinal system

41
Q

All of the following are associated with polyhydramnios except:
a. omphalocele
b. gastroschisis
c. esophageal atresia
d. bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

A

c

42
Q

IUGR is evident when the EFW is:

A

below the 10th percentile

43
Q

The cervix should measure at least ____ in length.

A

3cm

44
Q

The abnormal insertion of the umbilical cord into the membranes beyond the placental edge is termed:

A

velamentous insertion

45
Q

The measurement that should be carefully scrutinized in cases of IUGR is:

A

AC

46
Q

Doppler assessment of the middle cerebral artery:
a. helps to determine whether fetal anorexia is occurring
b. is valuable in diagnosing the extent of ventriculomegaly
c. can evaluate the fetus for hypoxia
d. is important to determine whether TORCH complications are present

A

c

47
Q

Mothers with gestational diabetes run the risk of having fetuses that are considered:

A

macrosomic

48
Q

Which of the following is described as the situation in which the placental edge extends into the lower uterine segment but ends more than 2 cm away from the internal os?
a. low lying placenta
b. marginal previa
c. partial previa
d. total previa

A

a

49
Q

Which of the following would increase the likelihood of developing placenta previa?
a. vaginal bleeding
b. previous cesarean section
c. corpus albicans
d. chorioangioma

A

b

50
Q
A

Sonographic Topics (35 decks)

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