Chapter 25: The Fetal Face and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following would least likely cause an obstruction to fetal swallowing and thus polyhydramnios?
a. fetal goiter
b. epignathus
c. macroglossia
d. anophthalmia

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The term nuchal refers to:

A

neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The term for absence of the ear:

A

anotia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following may be caused by amniotic band syndrome?
a. cleft lip
b. microphthalmia
c. anophthalmia
d. epignathus

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What scan plane would most likely optimize the visualization of a cleft lip?

A

coronal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following is not a true statement about the maxilla?
a. shortening of the maxilla may result in flattened facial features
b. the maxilla is typically long in the fetus with trisomy 21
c. a maxillary gap is best noted in the sagittal plane
d. the prefrontal space distance can help indicate maxillary abnormalities

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sonographically, you visualized a hypoechoic, round structure with a thin hyperechoic border in the anterior aspect of both fetal eyes. What is the explanation for this finding?

A

fetal lenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The isolated enlargement of the fetal thyroid is referred to as:

A

fetal goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The absence of the eyes is termed:

A

anophthalmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as:

A

hypotelorism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with:

A

trisomy 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly is:

A

trisomy 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the term for a smaller than normal ear?

A

microtia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The fetal lip typically closes by:

A

8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The most common cause of hypertelorism is:

A

anterior cephalocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Macroglossia is most commonly found with:

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

An oral teratoma is referred to as:

A

epignathus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

There is a definite link between microtia and what syndrome?

A

Down syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of the following would be most difficult to detect sonographically?
a. cleft lip and cleft palate
b. isolated cleft lip
c. isolated cleft palate
d. isolated median cleft

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An increase in distance between the orbits is referred to as:

A

hypertelorism

21
Q

The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is:

A

sagittal

22
Q

A cystic hygroma is the result of:

A

an abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

23
Q

Which of the following would most likely involve the development of a cystic hygroma?
a. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
b. Hydranencephaly
c. Turner syndrome
d. Klinefelter syndrome

A

c

24
Q

Which of the following may also be referred to as Turner syndrome?
a. Down syndrome
b. Trisomy 15
c. Trisomy 13
d. Monosomy X

A

d

25
Q

Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with:

A

Down syndrome

26
Q

Micrognathia is a condition found in:

A

trisomy 18

27
Q

The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the :

A

neck

28
Q

An absent or hypoplastic nasal bone is most likely associated with:

A

trisomy 21

29
Q

An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed:

A

macroglossia

30
Q

Facial anomalies, when discovered, should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for signs of:

A

holoprosencephaly

31
Q

The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is referred to as the:

A

binocular diameter

32
Q

Which of the following is a benign congenital neck cyst found most often near the angle of the mandible?
a. epignathus
b. branchial cleft cyst
c. thyroglossal duct cyst
d. fetal goiter

A

b

33
Q

A large, mostly cystic mass containing a thick, midline septation is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. This most likely represents a(n):

A

cystic hygroma

34
Q

A group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputations is:

A

amniotic band syndrome

35
Q

The growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement is:

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

36
Q

Which of the following is referred to as Patau syndrome?
a. trisomy 18
b. trisomy 21
c. trisomy 12
d. trisomy 13

A

d

37
Q

Close-set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed:

A

cebocephaly

38
Q

Which of the following conditions does not affect the orbits?
a. cebocephaly
b. cyclopia
c. ethmocephaly
d. epignathus

A

d

39
Q

An abnormal division in the lip is referred to as:

A

cleft lip

40
Q

At what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained?

A

cavum septum pellucidum

41
Q

Fusion of the orbits is termed:

A

cyclopia

42
Q

Which of the following is also referred to as trisomy 21?
a. Edwards Syndrome
b. Patau syndrome
c. Meckel-Gruber Syndrome
d. Down syndrome

A

d

43
Q

The thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed:

A

6mm

44
Q

A small mandible is termed:

A

micrognathia

45
Q

The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits is:

A

ethmocephaly

46
Q

All of the following are sonographic features of holoprosencephaly except:
a. cystic hygroma
b. proboscis with cyclopia
c. fused thalamus
d. monoventricle

A

a

47
Q

The nuchal fold measurement is typically obtained:
a. before 12 weeks 6 days
b. between 11 weeks and 13 weeks 6 days
c. between 15 and 21 weeks
d. after 24 weeks

A

c

48
Q
A