Chapter 25: The Fetal Face and Neck Flashcards
Which of the following would least likely cause an obstruction to fetal swallowing and thus polyhydramnios?
a. fetal goiter
b. epignathus
c. macroglossia
d. anophthalmia
d
The term nuchal refers to:
neck
The term for absence of the ear:
anotia
Which of the following may be caused by amniotic band syndrome?
a. cleft lip
b. microphthalmia
c. anophthalmia
d. epignathus
a
What scan plane would most likely optimize the visualization of a cleft lip?
coronal
Which of the following is not a true statement about the maxilla?
a. shortening of the maxilla may result in flattened facial features
b. the maxilla is typically long in the fetus with trisomy 21
c. a maxillary gap is best noted in the sagittal plane
d. the prefrontal space distance can help indicate maxillary abnormalities
b
Sonographically, you visualized a hypoechoic, round structure with a thin hyperechoic border in the anterior aspect of both fetal eyes. What is the explanation for this finding?
fetal lenses
The isolated enlargement of the fetal thyroid is referred to as:
fetal goiter
The absence of the eyes is termed:
anophthalmia
A reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as:
hypotelorism
An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with:
trisomy 21
The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly is:
trisomy 13
What is the term for a smaller than normal ear?
microtia
The fetal lip typically closes by:
8 weeks
The most common cause of hypertelorism is:
anterior cephalocele
Macroglossia is most commonly found with:
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
An oral teratoma is referred to as:
epignathus
There is a definite link between microtia and what syndrome?
Down syndrome
Which of the following would be most difficult to detect sonographically?
a. cleft lip and cleft palate
b. isolated cleft lip
c. isolated cleft palate
d. isolated median cleft
c
An increase in distance between the orbits is referred to as:
hypertelorism
The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is:
sagittal
A cystic hygroma is the result of:
an abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue
Which of the following would most likely involve the development of a cystic hygroma?
a. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
b. Hydranencephaly
c. Turner syndrome
d. Klinefelter syndrome
c
Which of the following may also be referred to as Turner syndrome?
a. Down syndrome
b. Trisomy 15
c. Trisomy 13
d. Monosomy X
d
Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with:
Down syndrome
Micrognathia is a condition found in:
trisomy 18
The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the :
neck
An absent or hypoplastic nasal bone is most likely associated with:
trisomy 21
An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed:
macroglossia
Facial anomalies, when discovered, should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for signs of:
holoprosencephaly
The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is referred to as the:
binocular diameter
Which of the following is a benign congenital neck cyst found most often near the angle of the mandible?
a. epignathus
b. branchial cleft cyst
c. thyroglossal duct cyst
d. fetal goiter
b
A large, mostly cystic mass containing a thick, midline septation is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. This most likely represents a(n):
cystic hygroma
A group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputations is:
amniotic band syndrome
The growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement is:
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Which of the following is referred to as Patau syndrome?
a. trisomy 18
b. trisomy 21
c. trisomy 12
d. trisomy 13
d
Close-set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed:
cebocephaly
Which of the following conditions does not affect the orbits?
a. cebocephaly
b. cyclopia
c. ethmocephaly
d. epignathus
d
An abnormal division in the lip is referred to as:
cleft lip
At what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained?
cavum septum pellucidum
Fusion of the orbits is termed:
cyclopia
Which of the following is also referred to as trisomy 21?
a. Edwards Syndrome
b. Patau syndrome
c. Meckel-Gruber Syndrome
d. Down syndrome
d
The thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed:
6mm
A small mandible is termed:
micrognathia
The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits is:
ethmocephaly
All of the following are sonographic features of holoprosencephaly except:
a. cystic hygroma
b. proboscis with cyclopia
c. fused thalamus
d. monoventricle
a
The nuchal fold measurement is typically obtained:
a. before 12 weeks 6 days
b. between 11 weeks and 13 weeks 6 days
c. between 15 and 21 weeks
d. after 24 weeks
c
