Chapter 16: Anatomy of the Female Pelvis Flashcards
major abdominal artery responsible for supplying the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities with oxygenated blood
abdominal aorta
the area located posterior to the broad ligaments, adjacent to the uterus, which contains the ovaries and fallopian tubes
adnexa
peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus; also referred to as the vesicouterine pouch
anterior cul-de-sac
peripheral arteries of the uterus that lies at the edge of the myometrium
arcuate arteries
pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis
broad ligament
pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of the vagina and houses the uterine vasculature
cardinal ligament
pelvis muscle located posteriorly within the pelvis that helps support the sacrum
coccygeus
abdominal aortic bifurcation vessels
common iliac arteries
external branches of common iliac arteries
external iliac arteries
superior portion of the pelvis
false pelvis
bilateral muscles located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest
iliopsoas muscles
pelvic bones that consist of the ilium, ischium, and pubic symphysis
innominate bones
internal branches of the common iliac arteries
internal iliac arteries
hammock-shaped pelvic muscle group located between the coccyx and pubis consisting of the iliococcygeus, pubourethralis, pubococcygeus, pubovaginalis, and puborectalis
levator ani muscles
the tendonous, fibrous structure that runs along the midline of the abdomen, separating the rectus abdominis muscles
linea alba
imaginary line that separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis
linea terminalis
paired pelvic muscles located lateral to the ovaries
obterator internus muscles
pelvic ligaments that provide support to the ovary extending from the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus
ovarian ligaments
group of pelvic muscles consisting of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles that provide support to the pelvic organs
pelvic diaphragm
paired pelvic muscles located posteriorly that extend from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter
piriformis muscles
rectouterine pouch
pouch of Douglas or posterior cul-de-sac
a condition that results from the weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles and allows for displacement of the uterus, often through the vagina
prolapse
arteries that supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium
radial arteries
peritoneal outpouching located between the uterus and the rectum
rectouterine pouch
paired anterior abdominal muscles that extend from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone; separated by the linea alba
rectus abdominis muscles
extraperitoneal space located between the bladder and the symphysis pubis that contains fat
space of Retzius
tiny, coiled arteries that supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium
spiral arteries
uterine radial artery branch that supplies blood to the basal layer of the endometrium
straight arteries
pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovaries to the pelvic side walls
suspensory ligament of the ovary
inferior portion of the pelvis that contains the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder, small bowel, sigmoid colon, and rectum
true pelvis
branches of the internal iliac artery that supplies blood to the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes
uterine arteries
peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus, also referred to as the anterior cul-de-sac
vesicouterine pouch
anterior to the pelvis
rectus abdominis muscles
lateral and anterior to the iliac crest
iliopsoas muscles
muscle lateral to ovaries
obterator internus
muscles posterior to pelvis
piriformis muscles
inferior near the vagina in transverse
pelvic diaphgram
the pelvic diaphragm consists of:
levator ani muscles and coccygeus muscles
contains uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovarian vessels
broad ligaments
extend from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis
broad ligaments
extend from uterine cornua to labia majora between the folds of the broad ligaments
round ligaments
Support the uterus
round ligaments
support the ovaries and fallopian tubes
suspensory ligament of the ovaries
extend from ovaries to the pelvic side walls
suspensory ligament of the ovaries
support the ovaries
ovarian ligaments
extend from ovary to lateral surface of the uterus
ovarian ligaments
support the cervix
cardinal ligaments
extend from lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of the vagina
cardinal ligaments
support the uterus
uterosacral ligaments
extend from uterus to sacrum
uterosacral ligaments
The bony pelvis consists of:
sacrum
coccyx
innominate bones
Mark the posterior border of the pelvic cavity
sacrum
coccyx
The innominate bones are:
ilium
ischium
pubic symphysis
boundaries of the female pelvis
iliac crest to pelvic diaphragm
The true pelvis is also known as the:
lesser pelvis
The false pelvis is also known as the:
greater pelvis
The true and false pelvis are separated by”
linea terminalis
The false pelvis is located more _____ than the true pelvis
superiorly
The true pelvis contain:
urinary bladder
small bowel
sigmoid colon
rectum
ovaries
fallopian tubes
uterus
The nongravid uterus is located posterior to the _____
urinary bladder
The nongravid uterus is located anterior to the ____
rectum
extends inferiorly from external os of cervix to external genitalia
vagina
The vagina is posterior to the ____
urethra
Pelvic muscles visualized:
rectus abdominis
iliopsoas
obturator internus
piriformis
pelvic diaphragm
The pelvic diaphragm contains:
levator ani
coccygeus
Weaking in the _____ muscles could result in prolapse of the pelvic organs
levator ani
The suspensory ligament contains:
ovarian artery
ovarian vein
lymphatics
ovarian nerves
house the vasculature of the uterus
cardinal ligaments
echogenic structures extending from the lateral borders of uterus bilaterally
broad ligaments
The vesicouterine pouch is also known as:
anterior cul-de-sac
The vesicouterine pouch is located ____ to the uterus
anterior
The vesicouterine pouch is located ____ to the urinary bladder
posterior
located between the rectum and uterus
rectouterine pouch
may also be referred to as the rectovaginal pouch, posterior cul-de-sac, pouch of Douglas
rectouterine pouch
most dependent part of peritoneal cavity
rectouterine pouch
most likely place for fluid to collect in the pelvis
rectouterine pouch
between anterior wall of the urinary bladder and the symphysis pubis
space of Retzius
also referred to as the retropubic space
space of Retzius
supplies blood to the female genitalia
abdominal aorta
branches of internal iliac arteries
uterine arteries
supply blood to uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
uterine arteries
course along lateral aspect of uterus within folds of broad ligaments
uterine arteries
The arcuate arteries eventually become the ____ arteries
radial
The radial arteries divide into ___ and ___ arteries
straight
spiral
supply blood to deeper layers of myometrium
radial arteries
tiny, coiled vessels that supply blood to functional or decidual layer of endometrium
spiral arteries
originate from lateral aspect of abdominal aorta
ovarian arteries
The ovaries have a dual blood supply from ____ and ____ arteries
ovarian
uterine
The left ovarian vein drains into _____
left renal vein
The right ovarian vein drains into:
IVC
Which of the following is not part of the colon that is located with the female pelvis?
a. ascending
b. descending
c. sigmoid
d. transverse
d
Which of the following is a pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of the vagina?
a. common iliac ligament
b. cardinal ligament
c. iliopsoas ligament
d. broad ligament
b
The uterine vasculature is located within the:
cardinal ligaments
What is another name for the true pelvis?
lesser pelvis
Which of the following muscles is located posteriorly within the pelvis and helps support the sacrum?
a. iliopsoas
b. coccygeus
c. obturator internus
d. piriformis
b
Which of the following is not supported by the broad ligament?
a. pelvic diaphragm
b. uterus
c. uterine tubes
d. ovaries
a
Which of the following is not a levator ani muscle?
a. pubourethralis
b. pubovaginalis
c. puboileacus
d. iliococcygeus
c
What artery directly supplies blood to the basal layer of the endometrium?
straightW
Which of the following is not true of the uterine plexus?
a. they are tortuous like the arteries
b. they supply blood to the uterine tubes
c. they anastamose with each other and the ovarian vein
d. they are located along the sides of the cervix and the cornua
b
What is the fibrous structure located along the midline of the abdomen that separates the rectus abdominis muscles?
linea alba
What is the relationship of the lesser pelvis to the greater pelvis?
it is located more inferiorly
What part of the cervix is closest to the vagina?
external os
What midline anterior pelvic structure may produce an acoustic shadow when scanning the female pelvis?
pubic symphysis
The common iliac veins combine to create the:
inferior vena cava
You are performing a female pelvic sonogram and identify a solid mass adjacent to the right ovary, just right lateral to the uterus. What is the most likely location of this mass?
within the right adnexa
What structure within the female pelvis lies posterior to the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum?
uterus
Fluid noted posterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the:
pouch of Douglas
Both the straight spiral arteries are branches of the:
radial artery
The left ovarian vein drains directly into:
left renal vein
Pelvic bones, when visualized on sonography, will produce:
acoustic shadowing
The uterine arteries supply blood to all of the following except:
a. fallopian tubes
b. rectum
c. ovaries
d. uterues
b
The anterior cul-de-sac is also referred to as the:
vesicouterine pouch
What is considered the most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity?
pouch of Douglas
The right ovarian vein drains directly into the:
inferior vena cava
The innominate bones of the pelvis consist of the:
ishium
ilium
pubic bones
What other term is used to describe the space of Retzius?
Retropubic space
The true pelvis is delineated from the false pelvis by the:
linea terminalis
The vagina is located _____ to the uterus.
inferior
The muscles that may be confused with the ovaries on a pelvic sonogram include the:
piriformis and iliopsoas muscles
Which vessels supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium?
radial arteries
Pelvis muscles appear:
hypoechoic
The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the:
common iliac arteries
Which of the following are the paired anterior abdominal muscles that extend from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bones?
a. iliopsoas muscles
b. rectus abdominis muscles
c. obturator internus muscles
d. .piriformis muscles
b
Peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligament are referred to as the:
adnexa
The paired muscles that are located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest are the:
iliopsoas muscles
Fluid noted anterior to the uterus would most likely by located within the:
vesicouterine pouch
The bilateral muscles that are located posterior to and extend from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter are the:
piriformis muscles
The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall is the:
suspensory ligament of the ovary
The pelvic muscle group that is located between the coccyx and the pubis is the:
levator ani muscles
The sonographic pelvic examination of a female patient reveals an extensive amount of ascites. In the transverse plane, you visualize two echogenic structures extending from the side walls of the uterus to the pelvic side walls bilaterally. These structures are most likely the:
broad ligaments
The space of Retzius is located:
between the bladder and the pubic bone
The right ovarian artery branches off of the:
aorta
The muscle located lateral to the ovaries is the:
obturator internus muscle
The arteries that directly supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium are the:
spiral arteries
Another name for the rectouterine pouch is the:
pouch of Douglas
A patient presents to the sonography department with a history of uterine prolapse. Which of the following best describes this disorder?
a. A condition that results from the weaking of the pelvic diaphragm muscles and allows for the displacement of the uterus, often through the vagina
b. A congenital anomaly that results in the duplication of the uterus
c. A condition that results in the abnormal invasion of the myometrium through the bladder wall, leading to hematuria
d. An abnormality that describes the inversion of the myometrium and endometrium
a
The pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis is:
broad ligament
The uterine artery branches off of the:
internal iliac artery
The peripheral arteries of the uterus are the:
arcuate arteries
The urinary bladder, uterus, and ovaries are located within the:
true pelvis
The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus is:
ovarian ligament
The surface of the pelvic bones, when visualized on sonography, will appear:
hyperechoic
Which vessel is the longest?
a. left ovarian vein
b. left ovarian artery
c. right ovarian vein
d. right ovarian artery
a
The ovary is supplied blood by the:
ovarian and uterine artery
Prolapse of the pelvic organs most often involves the:
levator ani and coccygeus muscles
