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Sonographic Topics > Chapter 24: The Fetal Head and Brain > Flashcards

Chapter 24: The Fetal Head and Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not apart of Apert syndrome?
a. craniosynosistosis
b. aqueductal stenosis
c. midline facial hypoplasia
d. Syndactyly

A

b

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2
Q

What part of the lateral ventricle is routinely measured within the fetal cranium?

A

atrium

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3
Q

Which of the following is thought to be caused by bilateral occlusion of the fetal internal carotid arteries?
a. hydrocephalus
b. holoprosencephaly
c. DWM
d. Hydranencephaly

A

d

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4
Q

With what structure does the posterior fossa cyst associated with DWM communicate?

A

fourth ventricle

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5
Q

The choroid plexus cyst could be associated with an increased risk of:

A

trisomy 18

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6
Q

All of the following are sonographic findings of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except:
a. enlarged massa intermedia
b. hydrocephalus
c. obliteration of the cisterna magna
d. strawberry sign

A

d

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7
Q

Which of the following is located on both sides of the midline?
a. interhemispheric fissures
b. third and fourth ventricles
c. lateral ventricles
d. third ventricle and cerebral aqueduct

A

c

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8
Q

Which of the following will also typically be absent with agenesis of the corpus callosum?
a. cerebellar vermis
b. CSP
c. Third ventricle
d. Fourth ventricle

A

b

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9
Q

The double fold of dura mater that divides the cerebral hemispheres is the:

A

falx cerebri

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10
Q

The development of fluid-filled cleft within the cerebrum is consistent with:

A

schizencephaly

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11
Q

The anechoic midline brain structure located between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles is the:

A

CSP

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12
Q

The “sunburst” of the cerebral sulci is a sonographic finding of:

A

agenesis of the corpus callosum

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13
Q

Enlargement of the occipital horns and narrowing of the frontal horns is termed:

A

colpocephaly

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14
Q

The interthalamic adhesion (massa intermedia) passes through the:

A

third ventricle

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15
Q

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that includes craniosynostosis, midline facial hypoplasia, and syndactyly
a. lobar holoprosencephaly
b. Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome
c. Arnold-Chiara II malformation
d. Apert syndrome

A

d

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16
Q

The third ventricle is located:
a. anterior to the thalamus
b. anterior to the cerebellar vermis
c. between the two lobes of the thalamus
d. superior to the corpus callosum

A

c

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17
Q

What chromosomal aberration is most often associated with holoprosencephaly?

A

Trisomy 13

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18
Q

Dangling choroid sign is associated with:

A

ventriculomegaly

19
Q

The third ventricle communicates with the fourth ventricle at the:

A

aqueduct of Sylvius

20
Q

The fourth ventricle is located:
a. posterior to the CSP
b. between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles
c. anterior to the cerebellar vermis
d. medial to the third ventricle

A

c

21
Q

The structure located between the two lobes of the cerebellum is the:

A

cerebellar vermis

22
Q

A normal shaped skull is termed:

A

mesocephaly

23
Q

What is the most accurate head measurement for estimating gestational age in the second trimester?

A

HC

24
Q

The cisterna magna should not exceed ____ in the transcerebellar plane.

A

10mm

25
Q

A strawberry-shaped skull is commonly associated with:

A

trisomy 18

26
Q

Which of the following would be most likely fetal cranial findings with TORCH infections?
a. intracranial calcifications
b. cerebral atrophy
c. porencephaly
d. scaphocephaly

A

a

27
Q

The band of tissue that allows communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres:

A

corpus callosum

28
Q

A cloverleaf-shaped skull is related to:

A

thanatophoric dysplasia

29
Q

A lemon-shaped skull is related to:

A

Arnold-Chiari II malformation

30
Q

All of the following are sonographic features alobar holoprosencephaly except:
a. cyclopia
b. monoventricle
c. dorsal cyst
d. fused thalamus

A

c

31
Q

What cerebral abnormality are atypical facial features most commonly associated with?

A

holoprosencephaly

32
Q

The absence of the skull is:

A

acrania

33
Q

What fetal suture is located within the frontal bone along the midline of the forehead?

A

metopic suture

34
Q

The most common cause of hydrocephalus in uterus is:

A

aqueductal stenosis

35
Q

The sonographic finding of a fluid-filled cranium with the absence of cerebral tissue is consistent with:

A

hydranencephaly

36
Q

The lack of sulci within cerebrum is a reliable indicator:

A

lissencephaly

37
Q

A cisterna magna that measures 15mm and a normal-appearing cerebellum is most likely

A

mega cisterna magna

38
Q

What cerebral malformation is as a result of agenesis or hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis?

A

DWM

39
Q

Which of the following would not be normally located within the midline of the fetal brain?
a. CSP
b. lobes of the thalamus
c. third ventricle
d. falx cerebri

A

b

40
Q

What structures located along the falx cerebri reabsorb CSF into the venous circulation?

A

arachnoid granulations

41
Q

Following an intracranial hemorrhage, a cyst is noted within the cerebrum that communicates with the lateral ventricle. This is referred to as:

A

porencephaly

42
Q

Which of the following should not be included in the correct level for an HC measurement?
a. Falx cerebri
b. fourth ventricle
c. thalamus
d. CSP

A

b

43
Q
A

Sonographic Topics (35 decks)

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