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Sonographic Topics > Chapter 26: The Fetal Spine and Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 26: The Fetal Spine and Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

The neural process of the spine will become all except:
a. lamina
b. pedicle
c. vertebral body
d. spinous process

A

c

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2
Q

What is the term defined as the absence of part of an extremity distal to the elbow or knee?

A

hemimelia

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3
Q

What is the term for absence of a foot?

A

apodia

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4
Q

What is the term for clubhand?

A

talipomanus

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5
Q

Acheiria is absence of the:

A

hand

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6
Q

The radius is located on what side of the forearm?

A

lateral

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7
Q

What is the larger bone of the lower leg?

A

tibia

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8
Q

Sonographically, you note that the fetal foot has a curved shape of the sole. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

rocker-bottom foot

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9
Q

Which condition is often associated with heterozygous achondroplasia?
a. oligodactyly
b. mesomelia
c. rhizomelia
d. phocomelia

A

c

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10
Q

The brain and spinal cord are covered by the:

A

meninges

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11
Q

What is the maternal dietary supplement that has been show to significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural tube defect?

A

folate

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12
Q

Talipes equinovarus is assoicated with:

A

clubfoot

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13
Q

The artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as:

A

acoustic shadowing

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14
Q

What is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element?

A

hemivertebra

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15
Q

The disorder associated with fetal amputations is:

A

amniotic band syndrome

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16
Q

The form of inheritance in which at least one parents has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is:

A

autosomal dominant

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17
Q

The condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx:

A

caudal regression syndrome

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18
Q

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida occulta except:
a. closed defect
b. elevated MSAFP
c. sacral dimple
d. hemangioma

A

b

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19
Q

The abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as:

A

colpocephaly

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20
Q

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except:
a. banana sign
b. lemon sign
c. enlarged massa intermedia
d. normal MSAFP

A

d

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21
Q

In VACTERL association, the letter ā€œCā€ stands for:

A

cardiac

22
Q

All of the following are associated with spina bifida except:
a. splaying of the laminae
b. enlarged posterior fossa
c. lemon sign
d. banana sign

A

b

23
Q

The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as:

A

scoliosis

24
Q

The lemon sign denotes:

A

an abnormal shape of the fetal skull

25
Q

All of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with LBWC except:
a. ventral wall defects
b. decreased MSAFP
c. marked scoliosis
d. shortened umbilical cord

A

b

26
Q

A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is:

A

achondroplasia

27
Q

Which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome?
a. previous c section
b. preexisting maternal diabetes
c. previous ectopic pregnancy
d. elevated hCG

A

b

28
Q

The group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is referred to as:

A

Arnold-Chiari II malfomration

29
Q

In VACTERL association, the letter ā€œLā€ stands for:

A

limnb

30
Q

The most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is:

A

achondroplasia

31
Q

Achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except:
a. frontal bossing
b. flattened nasal bridge
c. trident hand
d. absent mineralization of the skull

A

d

32
Q

What abnormality results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of joint contractures?

A

arthyrogryposis

33
Q

The thalamic tissue located within the third ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with Arnold-Chiari II malformation is the:

A

massa intermedia

34
Q

Rhizomelia denotes:

A

shortening of the proximal segment of the limb

35
Q

An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as:

A

caudal regression syndrome

36
Q

Absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes:

A

phocomelia

37
Q

All of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except:

A

multiple dislocated joints

38
Q

Upon sonographic interrogation of a 28 week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied ot the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted. This is sonographic evidence of:
a. Arnold-Chiari II malformation
b. achodroplasia
c. thanatophoric dysplasia
d. osteogenesis imperfecta

A

d

39
Q

A bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of:

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

40
Q

All of the following are signs of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except:
a. S-shaped spine
b. banana sign
c. lemon sign
d. colpocephaly

A

a

41
Q

All of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except:
a. amputation of fetal parts
b. anencephaly
c. facial clefting
d. synechaie

A

d

42
Q

The exagerrated distance between the first toe and the second toe is:

A

sandal gap

43
Q

Sirenomelia is commonly referred to as:

A

mermaid syndrome

44
Q

Absence of the radius is referred to as:

A

radial ray defect

45
Q

Sonographically, you visualized a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. This mass could be all of the following except:
a. SCT
b. meningocele
c. meningomyelocele
d. phonomenigocele

A

d

46
Q

A cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with:

A

thanatorphic dysplasia

47
Q

What term is defined as fusion of the digits?

A

syndactyly

48
Q

A protein produced by the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is:

A

AFP

49
Q

What condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, and fusion of the lower extremities?

A

sirenomelia

50
Q

Which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot?
a. the metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula
b. the metatarsals are perpendicular to the tibia and fibula
c. The carpals and metacarpals lie in the same plane at the tibia and fibula
d. The tibia, fibula, and patella are perpendicular to the femur

A

a

51
Q
A

Sonographic Topics (35 decks)

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