Chapter 20: Postmenopausal Sonography and Sonohysterography Flashcards
Which of the following utilizes fluoroscopy to analyze the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes?
a. HyCoSy
b. Hysteroscopy
c. SIS
d. Hysterosalpingography
d
CA-125 has been shown to elevate in all of the following except:
a. ovarian cancer
b. endometrial cancer
c. pelvic inflammatory disease
d. Asherman syndrome
d
What contrast agent is used during sonohysterography?
saline
What is defined as bone density lower than normal?
osteopenia
Why are the postmenopausal ovaries more difficult to visualize sonographically?
they become smaller and lose their follicles
Which of the following is true concerning the uterus following menopause?
a. the uterus enlarges
b. the uterus becomes more anechoic
c. the uterus becomes more hypoechoic
d. The uterus becomes atrophic
d
What may be used to combat the reduction of estrogen circulating in the female body following menopause?
HRT
Which o fth efollowing would be the least likely cause of PMB?
a. endometrial atrophy
b. endometrial enlargement
c. endometrial carcinoma
d. endometrial hyperplasia
b
In a menstruating patient, obstruction of the cervical canal by a large cervical mass could lead to:
hematometra
Synechaie within the uterus results from:
scar tissue
Which of the following is not an indication for SIS?
a. abnormal uterine bleeding
b. multiparity
c. recurrent pregnancy loss
d. diffuse endometrial thickening
b
What is the most likely pulsed Doppler characteristic of endometrial cancer?
low-impedance flow
The absence of menstrual bleeding is termed:
amennorhea
Asherman syndrome is associated with:
endometrial adhesions
What would increase a patient’s likelihood of suffering from thromboembolism?
ERT
What is used as a tumor marker for endometrial carcinoma?
CA-125
The removal of tissue from the endometrium by scraping is termed:
curettage
What is the most common form of endometrial carcinoma?
adenocarcinoma
Measurement of the endometrium should include the:
measurement from the basal layer to the basal layer
The most common cause of postmenopausal bleeding is:
endometrial atrophy
Which of the following is not associated with endometrial hyperplasia?
a. Tamoxifen therapy
b. Polycystic ovary syndrome
c. ovarian thecoma
d. Asherman syndrome
d
The best description for endometrial polyps is:
benign nodules of hyperplastic endometrial tissue
Blood accumulation within the uterus is termed:
hematometra
Which of the following would increase the risk of a patient developing endometrial cancer?
a. unopposed ERT
b. multiparity
c. osteoporosis
d. endometrial atrophy
a
What is a gynecological procedure to remove an endometrial polyp?
hysteroscopy with polypectomy
Cessation of menstruation with advanced age is termed:
menopause
Stein-Leventhal syndrome is related to all of the following except:
a. infertility
b. anovulatory cycles
c. hirsutism
d. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
d
What hormone plays a major role in the symptoms associated with menopause?
estrogen
The breast cancer treatment drug that may alter the sonographic appearance of the endometrium is:
tamoxifen
Possible benefits of ERT include all of the following except:
a. reduction is osteoporosis risk
b. reduction in colon cancer risk
c. reduction in heart disease risk
d. reduction in endometrial cancer risk
d
Which of the following does not occur as a result of menopause?
a. uterine atrophy
b. decreased sexual libido
c. accumulation of fat in the breasts
d. cystic enlargement of the ovaries
d
Unopposed estrogen therapy has been shown to increase the risk for developing:
endometrial carcinoma
The sonographic appearance of a 59 year old woman on HRT is:
variable depending upon the menstrual cycle
Tamoxifen has been linked with all of the following except:
a. endometrial polyps
b. endometrial hyperplasia
c. endometrial leiomyoma
d. endometrial carcinoma
c
Which of the following ovarian tumors would be most likely to cause postmenopausal bleeding?
a. cystic teratoma
b. endometrioma
c. thecoma
d. fibroma
c
Tamoxifen effects on the endometrium will sonographically appear as:
cystic changes within a thickened endometrium
Which of the following would most likely lead to the development of endometrial adhesions?
a. endometrial carcinoma
b. D&C
c. pregnancy
d. adenomyomatosis
b
Causes of postmenopausal bleeding include all of the following except:
a. Asherman syndrome
b. endometrial atrophy
c. endometrial hyperplasia
d. intracavitary fibroids
a
An asymptomatic 65 year old patient presents to the sonography department with pelvic pain but no vaginal bleeding. Her endometrial thickness should not exceed:
8mm
An 84 year old patient presents to the sonography department with sudden onset of vaginal bleeding. Her endometrium should not exceed:
4mm
With endometrial atrophy, the endometrial thickness should not exceed:
4mm
A 68 year old patient presents to the sonography department complaining of vaginal bleeding. The most likely cause of her bleeding is:
endometrial atrophy
A 60 year old patient presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of vaginal bleeding. The sonographic examination reveals an endometrium that measures 4mm. There are no other significant sonographic findings. What is the most likely diagnosis?
endometrial atrophy
A 67 year old patient on HRT presents to the sonography department with abnormal uterine bleeding. Sonographically, the endometrium is diffusely thickened, contains small cystic areas, and measures 9mm in thickness. The most likely cause of her bleeding is:
endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial hyperplasia may be caused by all of the following except:
a. HRT
b. ERT
c. endometrial atrophy
d. tamoxifen
c
All of the following are clinical findings with endometrial hyperplasia except:
a. obesity
b. polycystic ovary syndrome
c. abnormal uterine bleeding
d. thickened endometrium
d
The sonographic findings of an endometrial polyp may include:
a. diffuse thickening of the endometrium
b. menometrorrhagia
c. intermenstrual bleeding
d. infertility
diffuse thickening of the endometrium
Endometrial polyps are associated with all of the following except:
a. intermenstrual bleeding
b. tamoxifen therapy
c. prolapse through the cervix
d. coronary heart disease
d
A 34 year old patient presents to the sonography department for an endovaginal sonogram complaining of intermenstrual bleeding. The sonographic findings include a focal irregularity and enlargement of one area of the endometrium. The most likely diagnosis is:
endometrial polyps
The most common female genital tract malignancy is the:
endometrial carcinoma
A 31 year old patient presents to the sonography department for an SIS complaining of intermenstrual bleeding and infertility. Sonographically, a mass is demonstrated emanating from the myometrium and distorting the endometrial cavity. What is the most likely diagnosis?
submucosal leiomyoma
