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Sonographic Topics > Chapter 31: Multiple Gestations > Flashcards

Chapter 31: Multiple Gestations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for conjoined twins united at the pelvis?

A

ischiopagus

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2
Q

Which of the following would result from an intracranial intraparenchymal hemorrhage in a twin?
a. porencephaly
b. choroid plexus cyst
c. arachnoid cyst
d. intraventricular hemorrhage

A

a

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3
Q

What is the median gestational age of delivery for twins?

A

35 weeks

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4
Q

Preterm twins born with low birth weight are at an increased risk to suffer from which of the following?
a. preeclampsia
b. gestational diabetes
c. pulmonary hypoplasia
d. neural tube defects

A

c

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5
Q

If you observe that one fetus is female and one is a male, then you can assume:

A

dichorionic twinning

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6
Q

Which of the following is not a sonographic sign of a dichorionic diamniotic gestation?
a. Twin peak sign
b. lambda sign
c. Delta sign
d. T sign

A

d

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7
Q

Twins that have the threat of being conjoined are:

A

monochorionic monoamniotic

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8
Q

Which of the following would a newborn most likely suffer from if they were born before 32 weeks as a result of multiple gestation complications?
a. ascites
b. pulmonary hypoplasia
c. amnionitis
d. preeclampsia

A

b

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9
Q

The inner membrane surrounding the fetus is referred to as the:

A

amnion

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10
Q

Twins that result from the fertilization of two separate ova are called:

A

dizygotic

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11
Q

What condition is pregnancy-induced maternal high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks gestation?

A

preeclampsia

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12
Q

The outer membrane of the gestation is referred to as the:

A

chorion

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13
Q

Which of the following would not increase the likelihood of multiple gestations?
a. gestational diabetes
b. maternal age greater than 35 years
c. maternal history of twins
d. ART

A

a

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14
Q

Twins whose bodies are connected at some point are said to be:

A

conjoined

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15
Q

The term that indicates the presence of two separate amniotic sacs is:

A

diamniotic

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16
Q

Twins having two placentas and one amniotic sac are referred to as:

A

nothing… this doesn’t occur

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17
Q

What is it called when a twin fetus, suffering from TTTS, experiences severe oligohydramnios and becomes closely adhered to the uterine wall?

A

stuck twin

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18
Q

Which term relates the number of amniotic sacs?

A

amnionicity

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19
Q

Twins having one placenta and one amniotic sac are referred to as:

A

monochorionic monoamniotic

20
Q

Which term relates the number of placentas?

A

chorionicity

21
Q

Identical twins result from:

A

monozygotic twinning

22
Q

The sonographic examination of twins reveals a triangular extension of the placenta at the base of the membrane. This finding is indicative of:

A

dichorionic diamniotic twins

23
Q

Asymmetry in fetal weight between twins is indicative of:

A

discordant growth

24
Q

Twins having two placentas and two amniotic sacs are referred to as:

A

dichorionic diamniotic

25
Q

Typically, the first sonographic manifestation of TTTS is:

A

discordant fetal growth

26
Q

Conjoined twins that are attached at the abdomen are referred to as:

A

omphalopagus

27
Q

Monozygotic twins result from:

A

a single zygote that splits

28
Q

The demise of a twin during the second or third trimester can lead to:

A

twin embolization syndrome

29
Q

The term that indicates the presence of two separate placentas is:

A

dichorionic

30
Q

What is a treatment that separates abnormal placental vascular connections between twins that are suffering from TTTS?

A

endoscopic-guided laser photocoagulation

31
Q

The shunting of blood from one twin to the other is termed:

A

TTTS

32
Q

Factors that increase the likelihood of having multiple gestations include all of the following except:
a. advanced maternal age
b. ovulation induction drugs
c. poor nutritional state
d. maternal predisposition for twins

A

c

33
Q

TRAP syndrome may also be referred to as:

A

acardiac twinning

34
Q

Which of the following can occur as a result of dizygotic twinning?
a. monochorionic diamniotic twins
b. monochorionic monoamniotic twins
c. dichorionic diamnotic twins
d. all of the above

A

c

35
Q

The abnormal twin in acardiac twinning is also referred to as the:

A

parasitic twin

36
Q

The twin that will appear larger in TTTS is the:

A

recipient

37
Q

Fraternal twins result from:

A

dizygotic twinning

38
Q

What is the term for conjoined twins attached to the sacral region?

A

pyopagus

39
Q

Which of the following can occur as a result of monozygotic twinning?
a. monochorionic diamniotic twinning
b. monochorionic monoamniotic twinning
c. dichorionic diamniotic twinning
d. all of the above

A

d

40
Q

The most common form of monozygotic twins is:

A

monochorionic diamniotic

41
Q

All of the following complications are associated with multiple gestations except:
a. preterm delivery
b. high birth weight
c. maternal anemia
d. maternal preeclampsia

A

b

42
Q

Acardiac twinning results from:

A

abnormal links between the placental vessels

43
Q

Ovulation induction drugs increase the likelihood of not only multiple gestations but also:
a. maternal diabetes
b. ovarian prolapse
c. heterotopic pregnancies
d. choriocarcinoma

A

c

44
Q

Which form of monozygotic twinning is least common?

A

monochorionic monoamniotic

45
Q

The demise of a twin can lead to the development of neurologic complications in the living twin as a result of:

A

twin embolization syndrome

46
Q
A

Sonographic Topics (35 decks)

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