Chapter 31: Multiple Gestations Flashcards
What is the term for conjoined twins united at the pelvis?
ischiopagus
Which of the following would result from an intracranial intraparenchymal hemorrhage in a twin?
a. porencephaly
b. choroid plexus cyst
c. arachnoid cyst
d. intraventricular hemorrhage
a
What is the median gestational age of delivery for twins?
35 weeks
Preterm twins born with low birth weight are at an increased risk to suffer from which of the following?
a. preeclampsia
b. gestational diabetes
c. pulmonary hypoplasia
d. neural tube defects
c
If you observe that one fetus is female and one is a male, then you can assume:
dichorionic twinning
Which of the following is not a sonographic sign of a dichorionic diamniotic gestation?
a. Twin peak sign
b. lambda sign
c. Delta sign
d. T sign
d
Twins that have the threat of being conjoined are:
monochorionic monoamniotic
Which of the following would a newborn most likely suffer from if they were born before 32 weeks as a result of multiple gestation complications?
a. ascites
b. pulmonary hypoplasia
c. amnionitis
d. preeclampsia
b
The inner membrane surrounding the fetus is referred to as the:
amnion
Twins that result from the fertilization of two separate ova are called:
dizygotic
What condition is pregnancy-induced maternal high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks gestation?
preeclampsia
The outer membrane of the gestation is referred to as the:
chorion
Which of the following would not increase the likelihood of multiple gestations?
a. gestational diabetes
b. maternal age greater than 35 years
c. maternal history of twins
d. ART
a
Twins whose bodies are connected at some point are said to be:
conjoined
The term that indicates the presence of two separate amniotic sacs is:
diamniotic
Twins having two placentas and one amniotic sac are referred to as:
nothing… this doesn’t occur
What is it called when a twin fetus, suffering from TTTS, experiences severe oligohydramnios and becomes closely adhered to the uterine wall?
stuck twin
Which term relates the number of amniotic sacs?
amnionicity
Twins having one placenta and one amniotic sac are referred to as:
monochorionic monoamniotic
Which term relates the number of placentas?
chorionicity
Identical twins result from:
monozygotic twinning
The sonographic examination of twins reveals a triangular extension of the placenta at the base of the membrane. This finding is indicative of:
dichorionic diamniotic twins
Asymmetry in fetal weight between twins is indicative of:
discordant growth
Twins having two placentas and two amniotic sacs are referred to as:
dichorionic diamniotic
Typically, the first sonographic manifestation of TTTS is:
discordant fetal growth
Conjoined twins that are attached at the abdomen are referred to as:
omphalopagus
Monozygotic twins result from:
a single zygote that splits
The demise of a twin during the second or third trimester can lead to:
twin embolization syndrome
The term that indicates the presence of two separate placentas is:
dichorionic
What is a treatment that separates abnormal placental vascular connections between twins that are suffering from TTTS?
endoscopic-guided laser photocoagulation
The shunting of blood from one twin to the other is termed:
TTTS
Factors that increase the likelihood of having multiple gestations include all of the following except:
a. advanced maternal age
b. ovulation induction drugs
c. poor nutritional state
d. maternal predisposition for twins
c
TRAP syndrome may also be referred to as:
acardiac twinning
Which of the following can occur as a result of dizygotic twinning?
a. monochorionic diamniotic twins
b. monochorionic monoamniotic twins
c. dichorionic diamnotic twins
d. all of the above
c
The abnormal twin in acardiac twinning is also referred to as the:
parasitic twin
The twin that will appear larger in TTTS is the:
recipient
Fraternal twins result from:
dizygotic twinning
What is the term for conjoined twins attached to the sacral region?
pyopagus
Which of the following can occur as a result of monozygotic twinning?
a. monochorionic diamniotic twinning
b. monochorionic monoamniotic twinning
c. dichorionic diamniotic twinning
d. all of the above
d
The most common form of monozygotic twins is:
monochorionic diamniotic
All of the following complications are associated with multiple gestations except:
a. preterm delivery
b. high birth weight
c. maternal anemia
d. maternal preeclampsia
b
Acardiac twinning results from:
abnormal links between the placental vessels
Ovulation induction drugs increase the likelihood of not only multiple gestations but also:
a. maternal diabetes
b. ovarian prolapse
c. heterotopic pregnancies
d. choriocarcinoma
c
Which form of monozygotic twinning is least common?
monochorionic monoamniotic
The demise of a twin can lead to the development of neurologic complications in the living twin as a result of:
twin embolization syndrome
