Chapter 18: The Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes Flashcards
1
Q
the area located posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus, which contains the ovaries and fallopian tubes
A
adnexa
2
Q
the longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube
A
ampulla
3
Q
Serdoli-Leydig cell tumor is also known as:
A
androblastoma
4
Q
peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus; also referred to as the vesicouterine pouch
A
anterior cul-de-sac
5
Q
excessive fluid in the peritoneal cavity
A
ascited
6
Q
small benign ovarian tumors
A
Brenner tumors
7
Q
a protein that may be increased in the blood of women with ovarian cancer and other abnormalities
A
CA 125
8
Q
another name for endometriomas
A
chocolate cysts
9
Q
hairlike projections within the fallopian tube
A
cilia
10
Q
the remaining structure of the corpus luteum after its deterioration
A
corpus albicans
11
Q
temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the Graafian follicle after ovulation
A
corpus luteum
12
Q
physiologic cyst that develops after ovulation has occurred
A
corpus luteum cyst
13
Q
the corpus luteum that is maintained during an early pregnancy for the purpose of producing estrogen and primarily progesterone
A
corpus luteum of pregnanc
14
Q
structure that contains the developing oocyte
A
cumulus oophorus
15
Q
benign ovarian mass that is composed of the three germ cell layers; also referred to as a dermoid cyst
A
cystic teratoma
16
Q
a small cyst within a large cyst
A
daughter cyst
17
Q
another name for a cystic teratoma
A
dermoid cyst
18
Q
mass of hair within a cystic teratoma
A
dermoid mesh
19
Q
part of a dermoid tumor that contains various tissues and may produce posterior shadowing during a sonographic exam
A
dermoid plug
20
Q
painful sexual intercourse
A
dyspareunia
21
Q
the outer germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the skin, hair, and nails, and other structures
A
ectoderm
22
Q
the germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts
A
endoderm
23
Q
a typically malignant ovarian tumor that is often associated with a history of endometrial cancer, endometriosis, and endometrial hyperplasia
A
endometroid tumor
24
Q
benign, blood containing tumor that forms from the implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue; tumor associated with endometriosis
A
endometrioma
25
functional ectopic endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus
endometriosis
26
an ovarian sex-cord stromal tumor found in middle aged women
fibroma
27
the fingerlike extension of the fallopian tube located on the infundibulum
fimbria
28
hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that causes the development of multiple follicles on the ovaries
follicle-stimulating hormona
29
ovarian cyst that forms as a result of the failure of the Graafian follicle to ovulate
follicular cyst
30
a type of neoplasm derived from germ cells of the gonads; may also be found outside the reproductive tract
germ cell tumor
31
a disease associated with an abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic cells during pregnancy; may also be referred to as a molar pregnancy
gestational trophoblastic disease
32
the name for the dominant follicle before ovulation
Graafian follicle
33
blood within the fallopian tube
hematosalpinx
34
a cyst that contains blood
hemorrhagic cyst
35
excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normal negligable
hirsutism
36
Which of the following would be least likely associated with PCS?
a. right renal vein entrapment
b. dysfunctional venous valves
c. abnormal uterine bleeding
d. chronic fatigue
a
37
Which of the following would be least likely associated with an increase for developing ovarian cancer?
a. Nulliparity
b. late menarche
c. delayed childbearing
d. age of over 50
b
38
What mass would least likely appear as a solid adnexal mass?
a. thecoma
b. fibroma
c. dermoid
d. Brenner tumor
c
39
What is another name for the androblastoma?
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
40
What is the most common cancer to originate within an endometrioma?
endometroid tumor
41
Intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that results from the rupture of a mucinous tumor may be associated with ovarian carcinoma or cancer of the:
appendix
42
Inflammation of the uterine tube is termed:
salpingitis
43
Which of the following would be associated with an elevated CA 125?\
a. Fibroma
b. thecoma
c. dysgerminoma
d. PCS
c
44
Which of the following is not true concerning ovarian cancer?
a. patients tend to have ovarian cancer familial incidence
b. patients tend to have a history of familial breast cancer
c. Patients tend to present early in the disease
d. Sonography does not serve as the best screening mechanism for ovarian cancer
c
45
What germ cell tumor contains elements of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm?
cystic teratoma
46
An endometriom most likely appears:
mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes
47
With what ovarian tumor is Meigs sydrome most likely associated?
fibroma
48
sonographically, which of the following would most likely be confused for a pendunculated fibroid tumor because of its solid-appearing structure?
a. serous cystadenoma
b. mucinous cystadenoma
c. fibroma
d. theca lutein cyst
c
49
During a pelvic sonogram, you visualized a small cyst located adjacent to the ovary. what is the most likely etiology of this cyst?
paraovarian cyst
50
The most common benign ovarian tumor is the:
cystic teratoma
51
The ovarian mass that contains fat, sebum, and teeth is the:
dermoid
52
The ovarian cysts that are most often bilateral and are associated with makedly elevated levels of hCG are the:
theca lutein cysts
53
The cystic mass noted most commonly with a pregnancy is the:
corpus luteum
54
The sonographic appearance of an ovarian dermoid tumor in which only the anterior elements of the mass can be seen, wile the greater part of the mass is obsured by shadowing is consistent with:
tip of the icerberg sign
55
The dominnt follicle before ovulaion is termed the:
Graafian follicle
56
Which of the following is the correting formula for calculating ovarian volume?
a. length x width x height x 0.6243
b. length x width x height x 0.3899
c. length x width x height x 0.5233
d. ovarian cannot be calculated
c
57
Which of the following sonographic findings would not increase the likelihood of an ovarian malignancy?
a. septation measuring greater than 3mm in thickness
b. irregular borders
c. solid wall nodule
d. anechoic components with acoustic enhancement
d
58
hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta; may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males
human chorionic gonadotropin
59
the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the fallopian tube
hydrosalpinx
60
excessive vomiting
hyperemesis
61
a radiographic procedure that uses a dye instilled into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities
hysterosalpingography
62
the distal segment of the fallopian tube
infundibulum
63
the segment of the fallopian tube that lies within the uterine horn (cornu)
interstitial
64
the segment of the fallopian tube that is located between the interstitial and ampulla; uterus: area of the uterus between the corpus and cervix
isthmus
65
malignant ovarian tumor that metastasizes from most likely the gastrointestinal tract
Krukenberg tumor
66
destruction or breaking down
lysis
67
developing into cancer
malignant degeneration
68
ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of a benign ovarian tumor
Meigs syndrome
69
abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation
menorrhagia
70
the germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the circulatory system, muscles, reproductive system, and other structures
mesoderm
71
pelvic pain at time of ovulation
mittelschmerz
72
having more than one internal cavity
multiloculated
73
an anomaly where left renal vein entrapment occurs between the SMA and abdominal aorta
nutcracker syndrome
74
the creation of an ovum
oogenesis
75
surgical removal of the ovary
oophorectomy
76
the surgical removal of an ovarian cyst
ovarian cystectomy
77
a syndrome resulting from hyperstimulation of the ovaries by fertility drugs; results in the development of multiple, enlarged follicular ovarian cysts
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
78
an abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting off the blood supply to the ovary
ovarian torsion
79
the release of the mature egg from the ovary
ovulation
80
a small protrusion of tissue
papillary projections
81
leiomyoma (fibroid) that extends from the uterus on a stalk
pedunculated uterine leiomyoma
82
a condition that is thought to result from the compression of the left renal vein at the origin of the SMA, a condition termed nutcracker syndrome
pelvic congestion syndrome
83
infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or fallopian tubes
pelvic inflammatory disease
84
contractions that move in a wavelike pattern to propel a substance
peristalsis
85
inflammation of the peritoneal lining
peritonitis
86
intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that results from the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor or, possibly, a malignant tumor of the appendix
pseudomyxoma peritonei
87
secondary sexual development induced by sex steroids or from other sources like ovarian tumors, adrenal tumors, or steroid use
pseudoprecocious puberty
88
presence of pus within the fallopian tubes
pyosalpinx
89
inflammation of the fallopian tubes
salpingitis
90
an oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands
sebum
91
a partition separating two or more cavities
septation
92
malignant sex cord-stromal ovarian neoplasm that is associated with virilization; also referred to as an androblastoma
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
93
tumor marker that is elevated in the presence of an ovarian dysgerminoma and other abdominal abnormalities
serum lactate dehydrogenase
94
ovarian tumors that arise from the gonadal ridges
sex cord-stromal tumors
95
a sonographic procedure that uses saline instillation into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities
sonohysterography
96
functional ovarian cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin, also referred to as a theca luteal cyst
theca lutein cysts
97
benign ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor that produces estrogen in older women
thecoma
98
denotes the sonographic appearance of a cystic teratoma (dermoid) when only the anterior element of the mass is seen, while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing
"tip of the iceberg" isgn
99
inferior portion of the pelvis that contains the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder, small bowel, sigmoid colon, and rectum
true pelvis
100
having only one internal cavity
unilocular
101
examination of the veins of the legs and pelvis that includes the use of contrast media; can be performed using radiography (flouroscopy), computed tomography, and MRI
venography
102
changes within the female that are typically associated with males; caused by increased androgens and may lead to deepening of the voice and hirsutism
virilization
103
an indicator of the torsed ovarian pedicle adjacent to the ovary, appearing as a round mass with concentric hypoechoic and hyperechoic rings that demonstrates a swirling color Doppler signature
"whirlpool" sign
104
malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary
yolk sac tumor of the ovary
105
Ovarian arterial flow in the early follicular phase
high impedance with absent or low end-diastolic velocity
106
ovarian arterial flow late follicular phase
low impedance with increased end-diastolic flow
107
ovarian arterial flow early luteal phase
low impedance with increased end-diastolic flow
108
ovarian arterial flow late luteal phase
high impedance with absent or low end-diastolic velocity
109
clinical findings of follicular cysts
asymptomatic
pain associated with hemorrhage and enlargement of cyst
110
anechoic, thin walled, unilocular round posterior enhancement within ovary
simple cyst
111
variable appearances including complex components or entirely echogenic, depending on the amount of blood and stage of lysis; may have a fluid-debris level, fishnet, weblike or lacy appearance as well
hemorrhagic cyst
112
clinical findings of corpus luteum cysts
asymptomatic
pain associated with hemorrhage and enlargement of the cyst
113
may look like a simple cyst, have a thick wall, be completely echogenic, and may be difficult to differentiate from other masses, may appear hemorrhagic, "ring of fire"
corpus luteum cysts
114
Normal ovarian flow is said to be:
a. low resistant during menstruation and high resistant during the proliferative phase
b. high resistant during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation
c. low resistant
d. high resistant
b
115
What would be a predisposing condition that would increase the risk for suffering from ovarian torsion?
a. hirsutism
b. excessive exercise
c. ovarian mass
d. sonohysterography
c
116
The malignant ovarian tumor with gastrointestinal origin is the:
Kurkenberg tumor
117
The malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is the:
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
118
All of the following adnexal masses may appear sonographically similar to a uterine leiomyoma except:
a. thecoma
b. paraovarian cyst
c. fibroma
d. granulosa cell tumor
b
119
Which of the following is also referred to as a chocolate cyst?
a. endometrioma
b. endometroid
c. cystic teratoma
d. androblastoma
a
120
The ovarian tumor associated with an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase is the:
dysgerminoma
121
Which of the following is a tumor of ectopic endometrial tissue?
a. Brenner tumor
b. cystic teratoma
c. yolk sac tumor
d. endometrioma
d
122
What ovarian mass is associated with virilization?
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
123
A 24 year old female patient presents to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. The sonographic examination reveals an enlarged ovary with no detectable doppler signal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
ovarian torsion
124
Which of the following is an estrogen producing ovarian tumor?
a. cystic teratoma
b. fibroma
c. thecoma
d. endometrioma
c
125
What ovarian tumor will most likely have a moth-eaten appearance on sonography?
Krukenberg tumor
126
A 55 year old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of pelvic pressure, abdominal swelling, and abnormal uterine bleeding. A pelvic sonogram reveals a large, multiloculated cystic mass with papillary projections. What is the most likely diagnosis?
serous cystadenocarcinoma
127
A patient with an ovarian mass presents with an elevated serum AFP. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?
a. ovarian fibroma
b. ovarian thecoma
c. cystic teratoma
d. yolk sac tumor
d
128
The ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the:
theca lutein cyst
129
Pus within the fallopian tube is termed:
pyosalpinx
130
A 24 year old female patient presents to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. The sonographic examination reveals an enlarged ovary with no detectable Doppler signal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Ovarian torsion
131
Which of the following is an estrogen-producing ovarian tumor?
a. cystic teratoma
b. fibroma
c. thecoma
d. endometrioma
c
132
What ovarian tumor will most likely have a moth-eaten appearance on sonography?
Krukenberg tumor
133
which of the following is the most common malignancy of the ovary?
a. cystic teratoma
b. serous cystadenocarcinoma
c. Krukenberg tumor
d. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
b
134
The short and narrow segment of the fallopian tube distal to the interstitial segment is the:
isthmus
135
the fingerlike extension of the fallopian tube is called:
fimbria
136
the longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube is the:
ampulla
137
Blood within the fallopian tube is termed:
hematosalpinx
138
Hairlike projections within the fallopian tube are called:
cilia
139
The inner layer of the wall of the fallopian tube is the:
mucosal layer
140
The most distal part of the fallopian tube is the:
infunidibulum
141
The segment of the fallopian tube where fertilization typically occurs is the:
ampulla
142
What substance does hysterosalpingography utilize for the visualization of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes?
radiographic contrast
143
Which of the following is associated with the "whirlpool sign"?
a. ovarian torsion
b. hydrosalpinx
c. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
d. ovarian carcinoma
a
144
markedly elevated levels of HCG, nausea and vomiting, pelvic fullness, pain associated with hemorrhage, rupture, and ovarian torsion
theca lutein cysts
145
large, bilateral, multiloculated ovarian cystic masses, may contain hemorrhagic components
theca lutein cysts
146
clinical findings of paraovarian cysts
asymptomatic, if cyst is large, patients may present with pelvic pain and increased lower abdominal girth
147
simple cyst located adjacent, but not attached to the ovary; if hemorrhage, will appear complex
paraovarian cysts
148
clinical findings of cystic teratoma
often asymptomatic; if torsion or rupture occurs, the patient may present with acute pelvic pain
149
complex, partially cystic mass in the ovary that includes one or more echogenic structures that may shadow; "tip of the iceberg sign", dermoid plug, dermoid mesh
cystic teratoma
150
may be asymptomatic; postmenopausal vaginal bleeding or abnormal vaginal bleeding secondary to estrogen stimulation; Meigs syndrome
thecoma
151
hypoechoic solid mass with posterior attenuation, no posterior enhancement, if large, may mimic a pedunculated leiomyoma
thecoma
152
clinical findings of granulosa cell tumors
adolesence- pseudoprecocious puberty
reproductive age and postmenopausal women- abnormal vaginal bleeding
153
solid, hypoechoic mass or complex or partially cystic mass
granulosa cell tumor
154
clinical findings of a fibroma and brenner tumor
may be asymptomatic; Meigs syndrome
155
hypoechoic, solid mass with posterior attenuation, no posterior enhancement, if large, it may mimic a pedunculated leiomyoma
fibroma
156
small, solid hypoechoic mass that may contain calcifications
Brenner tumor
157
patient may be asymptomatic, pelvic pain, infertility, dysmennorhea, menorrhagia, dyspareunia, painful bowel movements
endometriomas
158
predominantly cystic mass with low-level internal echoes; anechoic or complex, mostly cystic mass with posterior enhancement and may have a fluid-fluid level
endometriomas
159
clinical findings of a serous cystadenoma
asyptomatic
160
predominantly, anechoic lesion that contains septations and/or papillary projections
serous cystadenoma
161
clinical findings of mucinous cystadenoma
pelvic pressure and swelling
162
large predominantly anechoic lesion that contains septations and/or papillary projections; may contain some recognizable internal, echogenic, layering debris
mucinous cystadenoma
163
weight loss, pelvic pressure and swelling, abnormal vaginal bleeding, gastrointestinal symptoms, acute abdominal pain associated with torsion or rupture, elevated CA 125
serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinomas
164
large multilocular cystic masses, papillary projections and septations are often noted within the mass, ascites
serous cystadenocarcinomas
165
large, multilocular cystic mass; papillary projections are often noted within the mass; echogenic material
166
clinical findings of Krukenberg Tumor
asymptomatic; history or gastric or colon cancer; possible weight loss; pelvic pain
167
bilateral, smooth-walled, hypoechoic or hyperechoic ovarian masses; "moth-eaten" appearance; may have ascites
Krukenberg tumor
168
clinical findings or Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors
virilization
abnormal menstruation
hirsutism
169
solid, hypoechoic ovarian mass; complex or partially cystic mass
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors
170
pseudoprecocious puberty; elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase; possible elevated serum hcG
dysgerminoma
171
ovoid, solid echogenic mass on the ovary; may contain some cystic components
dysgerminoma
172
clinical findings of a yolk sac tumor
elevation in serum AFP
173
homogenous hyperechoic or complex mass; varying sonographic appearances
yolk sac tumor
174
clinical findings or endometroid tumor
history of endometrial cancer or endometriosis
175
complex mass with solid components; cystic mass with papillary projections
endometroid tumor
176
Stage I ovarian carcinoma
tumor is confined to the ovary
177
Stage II ovarian carcinoma
tumor involves one or both ovaries with pelvic extension
178
Stage III ovarian carcinoma
tumor involves one or both ovaries with confirmed peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis and/or regional lymph node involvement
179
Stage IV ovarian carcinoma
distant metastasis beyond the peritoneal cavity
180
acute unilateral abdominal or pelvic or pain; nausea and vomiting; slight leukocytosis
ovarian torsion
181
enlarged ovary; enlarged ovary in the presence of multifollicular development; small peripherally located follicles on the enlarged ovary as a result of edema; lack of or diminished flow patterns compared with the nonaffected ovary; "whirlpool sign"; excessive free fluid
ovarian torsion
182
persistent lower abdominal and back pain after standing for long periods of time; dull, chronic pelvic pain; dyspareunia; dysmenorrhea; abnormal uterine bleeding; chronic fatigue; bowel issues; coexisting vulvar, perineal, and lower extremitiy vanus
pelvic congestion syndrome
183
multiple tortuous and dilated venous structures adjacent to the uterus and ovaries; dilated veins will measure greater than 4 to 5 mm in diameter and demonstrate a slow flow velocity within spectral imaging; ovarian vein exceeds 6 mm in diameter
pelvic congestion syndrome
184
history of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, chronic pelvic pain, cyclic pelvic pain, possible pelvic mass
ovarian remnant syndrome
185
Form in upper abdomen and descend into pelvis
ovaries
186
The ovaries are paired oval shaped ___peritoneal organs
intra
187
The ovaries have a dual blood supply:
ovarian artery
uterine artery
188
The ___ ovarian vein drains into the IVC
right
189
The ____ ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein
left
190
release estrogen and progesterone in varying amounts throughout the cycle
endocrine glands
191
The ovaries are located within the ____ pelvis
true
192
The ovaries may be located anywhere in the true pelvis except the:
anterior cul-de-sac
193
The ovarian fossa is _____ to the ureter and internal iliac artery.
posterior
194
The ovarian fossa is _____ to the external iliac artery.
superior
195
contains ovarian vasculature and lymphatics
medulla
196
parenchymal element, involves mass of ovary; site of oogenesis
cortex
197
The ovaries are stimulated by:
FSH
198
FSH is released by:
anterior pituitary gland
199
FSH helps develop multiple follicles during first half of the menstrual cycle, the _____ phase
follicular
200
The cells surrounding the tiny follicles produce _____ that stimulate the endometrium to thicken
estrogen
201
One follicle will become the ______ before ovulation, all others will undergo atrophy
Graafian follicle
202
Normal follicles measures __ cm or higher in greatest diameter
3
203
The ovum is contained within the ______ of the dominant follicle
cumulus oophorus
204
Ovulation occurs on day ____ of the menstrual cycle
14
205
describes pain at time of ovulation, typically on side of dominant follicle
Mittelschmerz
206
Fluid from the ruptured follicle will most often settle in the ______
pouch of Douglas
207
Most dependent portion of the peritoneal cavity
pouch of Douglas (rectouterine cavity)
208
After the Graafian follicle has ruptured, its structure is converted into the _____
corpus luteum
209
Second half of menstrual cycle
luteal phase
210
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum regresses and becomes the _____
corpus albicans
211
The ovarian artery has a high-resistive pattern, increased impedance, absent or low-end diastolic velocity during the ____ and ____ phase.
follicular
late luteal
212
The follicular phase occurs between days __ and __
0
7
213
The late luteal phase occurs between days ___ and ___.
18
28
214
The ovarian artery has a low-resistive pattern with low impedance and high levels of diastolic velocity during the ___ and ____ phase.
late follicular
early luteal
215
The late follicular phase occurs between days ___ and ___
7
17
216
Ovarian volume equation
length x width x height x 0.5233
217
mean premenopausal ovarian volume
9.8 mL
218
Mean postmenopausal ovarian volume
5.8 mL
219
Graafian follicle fails to rupture and continues to grow and become ____ cyst
follicular
220
Follicular cysts are between __ and __ cm
3
8
221
Follicular cysts sonographic appearance
anechoic, thin-walled, unilocular
222
surgical removal of an ovarian cyst
ovarian cystectomy
223
Follicular cysts normal resolve within __ weeks
6
224
follicular cyst that contains blood, fluid-debris level, fishnet, web-like or lacy appearance
hemorrhagic cyst
225
physiological cyst that develops are ovulation
corpus luteum cysts
226
Most common pelvic masses seen during the first trimester
corpus luteum of pregnancyt
227
Corpus luteum of pregnancy usually resolved by __ weeks of gestation
16
228
largest and least common of follicular cysts
theca lutein cytst
229
Cysts found in presence of elevated HCG
theca lutein cysts
230
Theca lutein cysts can grow up to ___ cm
15
231
small cysts located adjacent to the ovary
paraovarian cysts
232
Paraovarian cysts most likely arise from _____ or _____
fallopian tubes
broad ligaments
233
Paraovarian cysts may range from ___ to ___ cm
1.5-19
234
most common benign ovarian tumor
cystic teratoma
235
also referred to as a dermoid
cystic teratoma
236
result from retention of an unfertilized ovum that differentiates into three germ cell layers
cystic teratoma
237
may contain glandular tissue, thyroid components, bone, hair, sebum, fat, cartilage, and digestive elements
cystic teratoma
238
complex or partially cystic mass in ovary that includes one or more echogenic structures
cystic teratoma
239
associated with "tip of the iceberg sign"
cystic teratoma
240
benign ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor; may be associated with Meigs syndrome
thecoma
241
condition of having a benign ovarian tumor with ascites and pleural effusion
thecoma
242
estrogen producing tumor
thecoma
243
most common estrogenic tumor; sex-cord stromal tumor
granulosa cell tumor
244
tumor associated with precocious puberty in adolescents
granulosa cell tumor
245
Granulosa cell tumors can reach sizes up to __ cm.
40
246
sex cord-stromal tumor that is not associated with estrogen production
fibroma
247
most often small, hypoechoic unilateral tumors that may contain calcifications; may also be referred to as transitional cell tumors
Brenner tumors
248
chocolate cyst
endometrioma
249
benign blood containing tumor associated with endometriosis
endometrioma
250
form from implantation of functional endometrial tissue
endometrioma
251
The endometrioma can be found anywhere outside the endometrial cavity, but is most commonly found:
on the ovaryu
252
dyschezia
painful bowel movements
253
predominantly cystic mass with low level echoes
endometrioma
254
__ - __% of cystadenomas are benign serous
50
70
255
often large and bilateral, predominantly anechoic lesion that contains septations and/or papillary projections
serous cystadenoma
256
Mucinous cystadenomas can reach sizes up to __ cm
40
257
Survival rate of ovarian malignancy
15%
258
most common malignancy of the ovary
serous cystadenocarcinoma
259
associated with pseudomyxoma peritoneio
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
260
intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that result from the rupture
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
261
malignant ovarian tumor that has most likely metastasized from gastrointestional tract
Krukenberg tumor
262
The most frequent origin of the Krukenberg tumor is the ____
stomach
263
has a "moth-eaten" appearance
Krukenberg tumor
264
sex cord-stromal ovarian neoplasm associated with virilization
Sertoli-Leydig Cell tumors
265
most common malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary
dysgerminoma
266
most frequent ovarian malignancy found in childhood
dysgerminoma
267
second most common malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary
yolk sac tumor
268
Endometroid tumors usually affect women in the __ and __ decade of life
5
6
269
most common cancer to originate within an endometrioma
endometroid tumor
270
Ovarian carcinoma has a ____ diastolic flow velocity because of abnormal vessels created with malignancy
higher
271
results from adnexal structures twisting on mesenteric connections
ovarian torsion
272
Ovarian torsion most often occurs on the ____ side
right
273
Most common cause of ovarian torsion
ovarian cyst or mass
274
Mean measurement of ovary with ovarian torsion
9.5 cm
275
round mass with concentric hypoechoic and hyperechoic rings that demonstrate color Doppler signature
"whirlpool sign"
276
The "whirlpool sign" is associated with:
ovarian torsion
277
primary purpose of the ____ is to provide an area for fertilization to occur and to provide a means of transportation for the products of conception to reach the uterine cavity
fallopian tubes
278
3 layers of fallopian tubes
outer serosa
middle muscular
inner mucosal
279
help transport fertilized ovum; small, hairlike structures
cilia
280
The fallopian tubes are __ - __ cm long
7
12
281
The fallopian tubes consist of __ parts
5
282
The proximal segment of the fallopian tube is located
closest to the uterus
283
The distal segment of the fallopian tube is located
within adnexa or closer to ovary
284
part of fallopian tube that is located within the cornu of the uterus
intramural extension
285
short and narrow segment of the fallopian tube, connects intramural extension to the ampulla section
isthmus
286
longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube
ampulla
287
most likely location of fertilization
ampulla
288
area where most ectopics embed in the fallopian tube
ampulla
289
distal portion of the fallopian tube; proivdes opening to peritoneal cavity within pelvis
infundibulum
290
fingerlike projections that extend from the infundibulum
fimbraie
291
The primary role of the ____ is to draw the unfertilized egg into the fallopian tube
fimbraie
292
Canner within the fallopian tubes is rare, but typically is
adenocarcinoma
293
simple serous fluid within fallopian tubes
hydrosalpinx
294
pus/blood within the fallopian tubes
pyosalpinx
295
inflammation of the tubes due to infection
salpingitis
296
Salpingitis is commonly caused by:
PID
297
obstruction caused by compression of left renal vein at origin of SMA
Nutcracker syndrome
298
dysfunctional venous valves, estrogenic effects on vasodilation, late pregnancy mechanical injury
Pelvic congestion syndrome
299
demonstration of multiple tortuous and dilated venous structures adjacent to uterus and ovaries
pelvic congestion syndrome
300
In pelvic congestion syndrome the ovarian vein typically measures greater than __ mm
6
301
results from ovarian tissue being left behind, leading to stimulation of tissue by circulating hormones; complication of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
ovarian remnant syndrome
302
Only one follicle will become the dominant follicle, or ______, before ovulation, whereas all other follicles undergo atrophy
Graafian follicle
303
After the Graafian follicle has ruptured, its structure is converted into the ______
corpus luteum
304
Typical ovarian flow is said to be high resistant during the _____ and ____ phase and low resistant during the ____ and ____ phase
early follicular
late luteal
late follicular
early luteal
305
A large mass or cyst on the ovary increases the patient's risk for _____
ovarian torsion
306
The sonographic manifestation of a ______ cyst may be described as demonstrating a weblike or lacy appearance
hemmorhagic
307
______ are large, bilateral, multiloculated ovarian cystic masses that result from high levels of HCG
theca lutein cysts
308
The most common benign ovarian tumor is the _____, also referred to as a _____
cystic teratoma
dermoid cyst
309
A _____ produces estrogen and can, therefore, lead to postmenopausal bleeding., It often appears as a hypoechoic mass, which can simulate the appearance of an uterine fibrois
thecoma
310
In pediatric patients, the granulosa cell tumor is associated with ______
pseudoprecocious puberty
311
______ are also referred to as "chocolate cysts"
endometriomas
312
_____ cystadenomas are often larger than _____ cystadenomas, and they tend to contain echogenic material within their cystic components
mucinous
serous
313
Patients with _____ may complain of weight loss, pelvic pressure and swelling, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and gastrointestinal problems. Although not always specific, they may also have an elevated CA125.
ovarian cancer
314
______ are metastatic tumors to the ovary, most often from gastrointestinal cancers like stomach cancer
Krukenberg
315
______ tumors tend to have a "moth-eaten" appearance.
Krukenberg
316
The _____ is the most common malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary. It is the ovarian equivalent to the testicular seminoma
dysgerminoma
317
The tumor marker for the yolk sac tumor is
AFP
318
Ovarian torsion typically occurs on the ____ side
right
319
The ____ is the longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube. It is a significant portion of the tube because it is the most likely location of fertilization and the area where ectopic pregnancies often embed.
ampulla
320
