Chapter 27: The Fetal Heart and Chest Flashcards
What is the genetic disorder characterized by an absent or hypoplastic thymus?
DiGeorge Syndrome
The thymus gland is part of what system?
immune
Functional fetal lung tissue does not typically exist until after:
25 weeks
When hypoplastic left heart syndrome is found in girls, what syndrome should be suspected?
Turner syndrom
A heart rate using M-mode should be sonographically obtainable with EV when the CRL measures?
4-5 mm
Blood returning from the head and upper torso enters the heart via the:
superior vena cava
Blood returning from the IVC enters the:
right atrium
What is the opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm?
Foramen of Morgagni
A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent left ventricle is:
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
What is described as the absence of the pulmonary valve, which, in turn, prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs?
pulmonary atresia
A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent right ventricle:
hypoplastic right heart syndrome
All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except:
a. enlarged right atrium
b. fetal hydrops
c. narrowing of the aortic arch
d. malpositioned tricuspid valve
c
What is an opening within the septum that separates the right and left ventricles?
VSD
The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of:
coarctation of the aorta
An EIF is most often seen within the:
left ventricle
What is the term for underdevelopment of the lungs?
pulmonary hypoplasia
An EIF would most likely be associated with:
trisomy 21
The most common fetal cardiac tumor is the:
rhabdomyoma
All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except:
a. omphalocele
b. gastroschisis
c. cleft sternum
d. diaphragmatic defect
b
What ist he fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch?
Ductus arteriosus
The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed:
pleural effusion
The normal heart will fill approximately ___ of the fetal chest.
one-third
The condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed:
ectopic cordis
The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the:
foramen of Bochdalek
The moderator band is located within the:
right ventricle
The most common cause of cardiac malposition is:
diaphragmatic hernia
A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as:
pulmonary sequestration
The tricuspid valve is located:
between the right ventricle and the right atrium
The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a(n):
triangular, echogenic mass within the chest
The embryonic heart begins as:
two tubes
Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except:
a. overriding aortic root
b. VSD
c. pulmonary stenosis
d. left ventricular hypertrophy
d
Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as:
a lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm
The visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of:
diaphragmatic hernia
The sonographic “bat-wing” sign is indicative of:
pleural effusion
The mitral valve is located:
between the left ventricle and the left atrium
Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts?
a. The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned posterior to the aorta and should be visualized passing under it
b. The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it
c. The right ventricular outflow tract leads to the aorta
d. The left ventricular outflow tract leads to the pulmonary artery
b
Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the:
L/S ratio
Which of the following are fetal rhabdomyomas associated with?
a. tracheoesophageal fistula
b. tuberous sclerosis
c. eventration of the diaphragm
d. tuberculosis
b
Which of the following is considered to to be the most common cardiac defect?
a. hypoplastic right heart syndrome
b. transposition of the great vessels
c. hypoplastic left heart syndrome
d. VSD
d
What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum?
foramen ovale
What structure shunts blood into the IVC from the umbilical vein?
ductus venosus
Which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart?
a. the ventricular septum should be uninterrupted and of equal thickness to the left ventricular wall
b. there is normal opening within the atrial septum
c. between the right ventricle and the right atrium, one should visualize the tricuspid valve
d. the mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve
d
The blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the:
left atrium
Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart?
a. The apex of the heart will be angled to the right of the midline
b. the apex of the heart is the portion closest to the spine
c. the normal fetal heart will fill approximately two-thirds of the fetal chest
d. The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium
d
The fetal heart is fully formed by:
10 weeks
A coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of:
fetal hydrops
Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels?
a. the aorta arises from the left ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle
b. the aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle
c. the aortic arch is narrowed and positioned anterior to the pulmonary vein
d. The presence of an omphalocele and ectopic cordis is seen
b
