Cardiovascular (ACE-I)

Question 1

Examples of drug (ACE-I)

Answer 1

• Ramipril
• Enalapril
• Lisinopril
• Perindopril

Question 2

Mechanism of action (ACE-I)

Answer 2

• Inhibits conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II (a more potent systemic vasoconstrictor).
• This action subsequently inhibits Aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex, depressing renal sodium and fluid retention, thereby decreasing blood volume.

Question 3

Indications (ACE-I)

Answer 3

• Hypertension
• Heart Failure
• Nephropathy
• Prevention of Cardiovascular events in high risk patients

Question 4

Side effects (ACE-I)

Answer 4

• Dry cough (10% of Patients, causing cessation of treatment in 5%)
• Hypotension
• Hyperkalaemia
• Renal Impairment
• Angioedema

Question 5

Important pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (ACE-I)

Answer 5

• Adverse drug reactions are higher in patients with high-dose diuretic therapy/hypovolaemia/hyponatraemia/hypotension/unstable heart failure/renovascular disease

Question 6

Patient information (ACE-I)

Answer 6

• Blood test required at 1-2 weeks to check electrolyte balance.
• Dry cough is a common side-effect.