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EVERYTHING ELMHURST > Anatomy II - Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy II - Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Mediastinum

A

The central compartment of the thoracic cavity, containing the heart, great vessels, esophagus, and trachea.

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2
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.

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3
Q

Aorta

A

The large artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

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4
Q

Pulmonary Trunk

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs (splits into left and right pulmonary arteries).

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5
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium.

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6
Q

Apex

A

The tip of the heart, pointing downward and left.

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7
Q

Right Atrium

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cavae.

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7
Q

Base

A

The broad upper part of the heart, where the great vessels attach.

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8
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary trunk.

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9
Q

Left Atrium

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.

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10
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta.

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11
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and back.

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12
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and back.

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13
Q

Pericardium (2 parts, 2 layers in one part)

A

Fibrous Pericardium: Outer layer, tough, protective.

Serous Pericardium: Inner, smooth, and has two layers
- Parietal layer: Outer part of the serous layer.
- Visceral layer: Attached directly to the heart (Epicardium

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14
Q

Endocardium

A

The innermost layer of the heart, lining the chambers and valves.

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15
Q

Myocardium

A

The muscular middle layer of the heart wall (responsible for contraction).
- Striated muscle, intercalated discs for cell communication.

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16
Q

Epicardium

A

The outer layer of the heart wall, part of the visceral serous pericardium.

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17
Q

Cardiac Muscle Histology (3 parts)

A

Cardiac Muscle Cells: Striated, branched cells.
Intercalated Discs: Specialized junctions that help cells contract together.
Striations: Banding pattern from the arrangement of actin and myosin.

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18
Q

Ascending Aorta

A

The portion of the aorta that rises from the left ventricle.

19
Q

Auricle of Right Atrium

A

A small, ear-shaped pouch on the right atrium that increases its volume.

19
Q

Right Pulmonary Artery

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung.

20
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.

21
Q

Aortic Arch

A

The curved portion of the aorta that gives rise to major branches supplying the head and arms.

22
Q

Left Pulmonary Artery

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left lung.

23
Q

Auricle of Left Atrium

A

A small, ear-shaped pouch on the left atrium that increases its volume.

24
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

Controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk.

25
Q

Fossa Ovalis

A

A depression in the right atrium, the remnant of the fetal foramen ovale.

26
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle, with three cusps.

27
Q

Trabeculae Carneae

A

Muscular ridges inside the ventricles that help prevent the walls from collapsing.

28
Q

Aortic Valve

A

Controls blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta.

29
Q

Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

A

The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle, with two cusps.

30
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

Tendon-like structures that anchor the valve leaflets to papillary muscles, preventing valve inversion.

31
Q

Papillary Muscle

A

Muscles in the ventricles that contract to tighten the chordae tendineae and stabilize the valves.

32
Q

Interventricular Septum

A

Function: Separates the right and left ventricles
Location: Between the ventricles

33
Q

Circumflex Artery

A

Function: Supplies blood to the left atrium and left ventricle
Location: Wraps around the left atrium

33
Q

Left Coronary Artery

A

Function: Supplies oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart
Location: Branches from the aorta, runs along the left atrium

34
Q

Right Coronary Artery

A

Function: Supplies blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, and parts of the left heart
Location: Branches from the aorta, runs along the right atrium

35
Q

Marginal Artery

A

Function: Supplies blood to the right ventricle
Location: Extends along the right heart margin

36
Q

Anterior Interventricular Artery (LAD - Left Anterior Descending)

A

Function: Supplies blood to the front of both ventricles
Location: Runs along the anterior interventricular septum

37
Q

Posterior Interventricular Artery

A

Function: Supplies blood to the back of the ventricles
Location: Runs along the posterior interventricular sulcus

38
Q

Small Cardiac Vein

A

Function: Drains blood from the right atrium & ventricle
Location: Runs alongside the right coronary artery

39
Q

Great Cardiac Vein

A

Function: Drains blood from the left ventricle & left atrium
Location: Runs alongside the anterior interventricular artery

40
Q

Anterior Interventricular Vein

A

Function: Drains blood from the front of the ventricles
Location: Runs with the anterior interventricular artery

41
Q

Posterior Vein of Left Ventricle

A

Function: Drains blood from the back of the left ventricle
Location: Runs on the posterior surface of the left ventricle

42
Q

Middle Cardiac Vein

A

Function: Drains blood from the posterior heart
Location: Runs with the posterior interventricular artery

43
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

Function: Collects blood from all major cardiac veins & returns it to the right atrium
Location: Large vein on the posterior heart, near the right atrium

44
Q

Blood Flow Through the Heart (Simplified)

A

Deoxygenated Blood Enters:
Superior & Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium

Right Heart Pumps to Lungs:
Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle
Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Arteries → Lungs

Oxygenated Blood Returns from Lungs:
Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium

Left Heart Pumps to Body:
Left Atrium → Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle
Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body

EVERYTHING ELMHURST (42 decks)

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