8. Ireland Flashcards
the easter rising: to what extent did the suspension of the home rule act at the start of the war solve the problem
it didn’t, it only shelved it
the easter rising: why did many irish and ulster volunteers join the british army
John Redmond and Edward carson both urged their volunteers to support the war effort
the easter rising: who did Redmond insist on taking over as leader of
irish volunteers in 1914
the easter rising: what did Redmond rename irish volunteers
national volunteers
the easter rising: how was Redmond received by national volunteers
many accepted his leadership
the easter rising: why did a number of men break away from national volunteers
disagreed with participation in war
the easter rising: who were spliter group ‘Irish Volunteers’ led by
Eoin MacNeill
the easter rising: how many of MacNeil’s irish volunteers were there by 1916
10,000
the easter rising: what remained the priprority for irish volunteers
self rule of ireland
the easter rising: why was MacNeill himself against a premature rising against the British
it would have no possible chance of success
the easter rising: who planned to go ahead with uprising despite macneils resistance
a small group of his fellow commanders and other revolutionaries
key figures: tom Clarke, Patrick pearse, james Connolly and sean mcdermott
the easter rising: why did it not matter to pearse whether the rebellion succeeded or failed
to die for Ireland was a noble case in itslef
The Easter rising: what did the Irish volunteers do in 1916 along with 1000 armed rebels
Seized the general post office in Dublin on Easter Monday
The Easter rising: what did the Irish nationalist poster proclaim
The establishment of the Irish republic
The Easter rising: why did it have limited effect
The hoped for invasion by Herman forces and national uprising by Irish people didn’t happen
The Easter rising: how did the armed forces react
Post office bombarded and destroyed and fierce fighting spread throughout the city
450 died 2600 sounded
The results of the Easter uprising: why did the rising appear to be a failure
Only bout 1600 joined rebels and there was no support outside of Dublin
The results of the Easter uprising: who was the rebellion condemned by
The Catholic Church and redmond and more moderate natuonalisdits
The results of the Easter uprising: why did Irish attitudes start to change towards rebellion
7 indivials who signed proclamation and 8 others tried and shot
3000 arrested and 1800 sent to England
Caused wave of revulsion against British rule
The results of the Easter uprising: why did anti war and anti British sentiment harden
Rebels became martyrs
The results of the Easter uprising: who did Sinn Fein gain prestige at expense of
Irish parliamentary party
The results of the Easter uprising: which myth developed
That Easter rising was Sinn Fein
The results of the Easter uprising: correlation for anger at British actions and support for Sinn Fein
As anger at British actions grew, so did support for Sinn Fein
The results of the Easter uprising: what had Sinn Fein become by the end of 1916
A revolutionary party committed to the establishment of an Irish republic
Actions of LG in response to uprising: who did LG negotiate with after rising to reach an agreement
Redmond and Carson
Actions of LG in response to uprising: what was agreement known as
Heads of agreement
Actions of LG in response to uprising: what did heads of agreement grant
Immediate home rule of the 26 counties of Southern Ireland, with Ulster remaining part of UK until after war when it’s status would he settled
Actions of LG in response to uprising: what were the different impressions that LG gave to redmond and Carson
Told redmond separation of Ulster from rest of UK only temporary whilst reassuring Carson in would be permanent
Actions of LG in response to uprising: why was deal rejected by unionist members of cabinet
Believed LG was going too far in appeasing Irish nationalists
The rise of Sinn Fein: why was support shifting to Sinn Fein after failure of heads of
Agreement
Failure compromise undermined hopes for a peaceful solution and strengthening position of those who argued force was only
Option
The rise of Sinn Fein: what indicating the shift in support for Sinn Fein
Eamon de Valera elected as Sinn Fein MP for east Clare in July 1917
The rise of Sinn Fein: what was Valeras election seen as
A vote for 1916
The rise of Sinn Fein: what brought the military and political wings of SF under valeras leadership
Valera was elected president of SF and in following month became head of Irish volunteers
The rise of Sinn Fein: how many clubs and members of SF were there by 1917
1200 clubs and 250000 members
The rise of Sinn Fein: why did Britain release the remainder of Easter rebels at end of 1917 and what effect did this have
As a goodWill gesture
Did little to improve image of British gov
The rise of Sinn Fein: what brought more hostility down on britush gov in 1918
They extended conscription to Ireland
The rise of Sinn Fein: why did Irish nationalist party begin to take stronger stand against Britain
Marched out of Westminster in protest to conscription and joined forces with Sinn Fein
The rise of Sinn Fein: what happened with Irish nationalist and Sinn Fein alliance collapsed
Support continued to swing towards SF
The rise of Sinn Fein: why did the 1918 general election mark the end of the Irish nationalist party was
It won only 7 seats compared to SF 73
The rise of Sinn Fein: what did SF do after refusing to take up their seats at Westminster
Set up ‘dail eireann’ the assembly of Ireland
The rise of Sinn Fein: what did SF argue dail eireann was
The true legislative authority of the country
The rise of Sinn Fein: what did sf do in dail eireann
Proclaimed whole of Ireland an independent republic
Adopted a provisional constitution
Appointed delegated to attend the peace conference at Versailles
Elected Valera as president
The rise of Sinn Fein: what were the Irish volunteers reformed as
The Irish republic army IRA
The rise of Sinn Fein: who commanded the IRA
Michael Collins
The war of independence: when was the war of independence
1919-21
The war of independence: how did British gov first react to actions of Sinn Fein
Declared SF illegal in August 1919 and dail likewise in September
The war of independence: what was British gov unclear on how to deal with
Tactics of IRA
The war of independence: what did tactics of IRA include from 1919
A campaign of murder and harassment directed against police and British soldiers and civilians who were believed to be collaborating with the English
The war of independence: who did LG describe the IRA
Members of a ting murder gang, unrepresentative of the Irish people who should not be treated as genuine combatants
The war of independence: what did LG do to deal with IRA
Sanctioned the recruitment of a special irregular force called the Black and Tans
The war of independence: why did the situation spiral into terror and counter terror
Brutal tactics used by Black and Tans led to them being hated by Irish nationalists
The war of independence: why was we pressure internationally for a political solution growing by 1921
USA, League of Nations and dominions put pressure on coalition for a change in policy
The war of independence: how did British press respond to Black and Tans
Became increasing critical of their actions
The war of independence: why was it becoming clear by 1921 that neither side could win
British gov not prepared to launch an all out war and Ira was facing shortages of men and materials
The war of independence: who were there personal please from to find a peaceful settlement
King George V and the Archbishop of Canterbury
The war of independence: when did both sides agree to a truce
11 July 1921
The Anglo Irish treaty: what did the December 1920 government of Ireland act provide for
A parliament in Belfast the govern the six counties of Ulster which overall had a roughly 2/3 Protestant population
A similar parliament would be set up in Dublin for the rest of Ireland
The Anglo Irish treaty: why was gov of Ireland act rejected by Sinn Fein
They wanted complete independence
The Anglo Irish treaty: why did new Northern Ireland parliament for 6 counties going ahead help to remove one of the issues regarding a settlement
By the time SF leaders and British gov came to start negotiation in sept 1921 a separate northern iteland had been established with a Protestant dominated gov running it
The Anglo Irish treaty: who did LGs team of negotiators include
Austin chamberlain and lord Birkenhead
The Anglo Irish treaty: what did LG mean when he proposed that Ireland become a self governing dominion of the British empire (known as the Irish free state)
While having internal self government, it would not have full control over its foreign policy of defence and the the monarch would still continue as head of state
The Anglo Irish treaty: what did LG propose that Britain would still be able to use
Irish ports and naval bases and would be able to use a range of Irish harbours in wartime
The Anglo Irish treaty: what did LG propose that the six counties of Northern Ireland would continue as
Part of the United Kingdom with their own parliament and administration
The Anglo Irish treaty: what would there be to decide Northern Ireland’s borders
A boundary commission
The Anglo Irish treaty: what did LG convict SF about Ulster
Although Ulster remains separate, it would be so small and unviable that it would soon join the United ireland
The Anglo Irish treaty: why did LG point out it could be their last chance for a settlement
If it failed and he was forced to resign, negotiations would be taken over by Bonar Law whose objection tonhome rule would prevent any settlement
The Anglo Irish treaty: when was the treaty signed
December 1921
The Anglo Irish treaty: what did LG call day the treaty was signed
Greatest day in the history of the British empire
The Anglo Irish treaty: who did the treaty open up divisions among
The nationalists
The Anglo Irish treaty: what happened between nationalists as a result of treaty
Powerful minority within SF rejected real and violent civil war between pro and anti treaty factions in SF followed
The Anglo Irish treaty: when was constitutional settlement formally completed
December 1922
The Anglo Irish treaty: when did armed resistance end
Early 1923
