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history > 8. Ireland > Flashcards

8. Ireland Flashcards

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1
Q

the easter rising: to what extent did the suspension of the home rule act at the start of the war solve the problem

A

it didn’t, it only shelved it

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2
Q

the easter rising: why did many irish and ulster volunteers join the british army

A

John Redmond and Edward carson both urged their volunteers to support the war effort

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3
Q

the easter rising: who did Redmond insist on taking over as leader of

A

irish volunteers in 1914

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4
Q

the easter rising: what did Redmond rename irish volunteers

A

national volunteers

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5
Q

the easter rising: how was Redmond received by national volunteers

A

many accepted his leadership

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6
Q

the easter rising: why did a number of men break away from national volunteers

A

disagreed with participation in war

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7
Q

the easter rising: who were spliter group ‘Irish Volunteers’ led by

A

Eoin MacNeill

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8
Q

the easter rising: how many of MacNeil’s irish volunteers were there by 1916

A

10,000

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9
Q

the easter rising: what remained the priprority for irish volunteers

A

self rule of ireland

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10
Q

the easter rising: why was MacNeill himself against a premature rising against the British

A

it would have no possible chance of success

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11
Q

the easter rising: who planned to go ahead with uprising despite macneils resistance

A

a small group of his fellow commanders and other revolutionaries

key figures: tom Clarke, Patrick pearse, james Connolly and sean mcdermott

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12
Q

the easter rising: why did it not matter to pearse whether the rebellion succeeded or failed

A

to die for Ireland was a noble case in itslef

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13
Q

The Easter rising: what did the Irish volunteers do in 1916 along with 1000 armed rebels

A

Seized the general post office in Dublin on Easter Monday

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14
Q

The Easter rising: what did the Irish nationalist poster proclaim

A

The establishment of the Irish republic

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15
Q

The Easter rising: why did it have limited effect

A

The hoped for invasion by Herman forces and national uprising by Irish people didn’t happen

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16
Q

The Easter rising: how did the armed forces react

A

Post office bombarded and destroyed and fierce fighting spread throughout the city

450 died 2600 sounded

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17
Q

The results of the Easter uprising: why did the rising appear to be a failure

A

Only bout 1600 joined rebels and there was no support outside of Dublin

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18
Q

The results of the Easter uprising: who was the rebellion condemned by

A

The Catholic Church and redmond and more moderate natuonalisdits

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19
Q

The results of the Easter uprising: why did Irish attitudes start to change towards rebellion

A

7 indivials who signed proclamation and 8 others tried and shot

3000 arrested and 1800 sent to England

Caused wave of revulsion against British rule

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20
Q

The results of the Easter uprising: why did anti war and anti British sentiment harden

A

Rebels became martyrs

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21
Q

The results of the Easter uprising: who did Sinn Fein gain prestige at expense of

A

Irish parliamentary party

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22
Q

The results of the Easter uprising: which myth developed

A

That Easter rising was Sinn Fein

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23
Q

The results of the Easter uprising: correlation for anger at British actions and support for Sinn Fein

A

As anger at British actions grew, so did support for Sinn Fein

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24
Q

The results of the Easter uprising: what had Sinn Fein become by the end of 1916

A

A revolutionary party committed to the establishment of an Irish republic

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25
Q

Actions of LG in response to uprising: who did LG negotiate with after rising to reach an agreement

A

Redmond and Carson

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26
Q

Actions of LG in response to uprising: what was agreement known as

A

Heads of agreement

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27
Q

Actions of LG in response to uprising: what did heads of agreement grant

A

Immediate home rule of the 26 counties of Southern Ireland, with Ulster remaining part of UK until after war when it’s status would he settled

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28
Q

Actions of LG in response to uprising: what were the different impressions that LG gave to redmond and Carson

A

Told redmond separation of Ulster from rest of UK only temporary whilst reassuring Carson in would be permanent

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29
Q

Actions of LG in response to uprising: why was deal rejected by unionist members of cabinet

A

Believed LG was going too far in appeasing Irish nationalists

30
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: why was support shifting to Sinn Fein after failure of heads of
Agreement

A

Failure compromise undermined hopes for a peaceful solution and strengthening position of those who argued force was only
Option

31
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: what indicating the shift in support for Sinn Fein

A

Eamon de Valera elected as Sinn Fein MP for east Clare in July 1917

32
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: what was Valeras election seen as

A

A vote for 1916

33
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: what brought the military and political wings of SF under valeras leadership

A

Valera was elected president of SF and in following month became head of Irish volunteers

34
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: how many clubs and members of SF were there by 1917

A

1200 clubs and 250000 members

35
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: why did Britain release the remainder of Easter rebels at end of 1917 and what effect did this have

A

As a goodWill gesture

Did little to improve image of British gov

36
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: what brought more hostility down on britush gov in 1918

A

They extended conscription to Ireland

37
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: why did Irish nationalist party begin to take stronger stand against Britain

A

Marched out of Westminster in protest to conscription and joined forces with Sinn Fein

38
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: what happened with Irish nationalist and Sinn Fein alliance collapsed

A

Support continued to swing towards SF

39
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: why did the 1918 general election mark the end of the Irish nationalist party was

A

It won only 7 seats compared to SF 73

40
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: what did SF do after refusing to take up their seats at Westminster

A

Set up ‘dail eireann’ the assembly of Ireland

41
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: what did SF argue dail eireann was

A

The true legislative authority of the country

42
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: what did sf do in dail eireann

A

Proclaimed whole of Ireland an independent republic

Adopted a provisional constitution

Appointed delegated to attend the peace conference at Versailles

Elected Valera as president

43
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: what were the Irish volunteers reformed as

A

The Irish republic army IRA

44
Q

The rise of Sinn Fein: who commanded the IRA

A

Michael Collins

45
Q

The war of independence: when was the war of independence

A

1919-21

46
Q

The war of independence: how did British gov first react to actions of Sinn Fein

A

Declared SF illegal in August 1919 and dail likewise in September

47
Q

The war of independence: what was British gov unclear on how to deal with

A

Tactics of IRA

48
Q

The war of independence: what did tactics of IRA include from 1919

A

A campaign of murder and harassment directed against police and British soldiers and civilians who were believed to be collaborating with the English

49
Q

The war of independence: who did LG describe the IRA

A

Members of a ting murder gang, unrepresentative of the Irish people who should not be treated as genuine combatants

50
Q

The war of independence: what did LG do to deal with IRA

A

Sanctioned the recruitment of a special irregular force called the Black and Tans

51
Q

The war of independence: why did the situation spiral into terror and counter terror

A

Brutal tactics used by Black and Tans led to them being hated by Irish nationalists

52
Q

The war of independence: why was we pressure internationally for a political solution growing by 1921

A

USA, League of Nations and dominions put pressure on coalition for a change in policy

53
Q

The war of independence: how did British press respond to Black and Tans

A

Became increasing critical of their actions

54
Q

The war of independence: why was it becoming clear by 1921 that neither side could win

A

British gov not prepared to launch an all out war and Ira was facing shortages of men and materials

55
Q

The war of independence: who were there personal please from to find a peaceful settlement

A

King George V and the Archbishop of Canterbury

56
Q

The war of independence: when did both sides agree to a truce

A

11 July 1921

57
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: what did the December 1920 government of Ireland act provide for

A

A parliament in Belfast the govern the six counties of Ulster which overall had a roughly 2/3 Protestant population

A similar parliament would be set up in Dublin for the rest of Ireland

58
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: why was gov of Ireland act rejected by Sinn Fein

A

They wanted complete independence

59
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: why did new Northern Ireland parliament for 6 counties going ahead help to remove one of the issues regarding a settlement

A

By the time SF leaders and British gov came to start negotiation in sept 1921 a separate northern iteland had been established with a Protestant dominated gov running it

60
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: who did LGs team of negotiators include

A

Austin chamberlain and lord Birkenhead

61
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: what did LG mean when he proposed that Ireland become a self governing dominion of the British empire (known as the Irish free state)

A

While having internal self government, it would not have full control over its foreign policy of defence and the the monarch would still continue as head of state

62
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: what did LG propose that Britain would still be able to use

A

Irish ports and naval bases and would be able to use a range of Irish harbours in wartime

63
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: what did LG propose that the six counties of Northern Ireland would continue as

A

Part of the United Kingdom with their own parliament and administration

64
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: what would there be to decide Northern Ireland’s borders

A

A boundary commission

65
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: what did LG convict SF about Ulster

A

Although Ulster remains separate, it would be so small and unviable that it would soon join the United ireland

66
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: why did LG point out it could be their last chance for a settlement

A

If it failed and he was forced to resign, negotiations would be taken over by Bonar Law whose objection tonhome rule would prevent any settlement

67
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: when was the treaty signed

A

December 1921

68
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: what did LG call day the treaty was signed

A

Greatest day in the history of the British empire

69
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: who did the treaty open up divisions among

A

The nationalists

70
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: what happened between nationalists as a result of treaty

A

Powerful minority within SF rejected real and violent civil war between pro and anti treaty factions in SF followed

71
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: when was constitutional settlement formally completed

A

December 1922

72
Q

The Anglo Irish treaty: when did armed resistance end

A

Early 1923

history (44 decks)

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