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history > 7. Poltical Authority, Revolution And The Duma > Flashcards

7. Poltical Authority, Revolution And The Duma Flashcards

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1
Q

What was nII brought up to believe any concessions or signs of weakness were indications of

A

Cowardice or failure on his part

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2
Q

Who were NIIs beliefs installed by

A

Pobedonostev his tutor

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3
Q

What did NII declare shortly before his coronation

A

He was resolved to maintain the principle of autocracy just as firmly and unflinchingly as it was preserved by my unforgettable dead father

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4
Q

What retained its powerful influence due to NIIs commitment to orthodoxy

A

The church

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5
Q

What ensured NII was no more popular with ethnic minorities than his father

A

Continued Russification and support for Black hundreds and anti Semitic ideas

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6
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: what had happened to Russian society since years of great famine of 1891-92

A

Society had become more politicised

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7
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: how did tsarist gov cope with crisis

A

They failed which left zemstva and voluntary organisations to provide the necessary relief work

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8
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: what effect did tsarist govs failure to deal with famine have

A

Greater public mistrust of the govs competence and a firmer belief in the power of ordinary members of society to play a role in nations affairs

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9
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: which groups had developed a wider support base by 1900 than ever before

A

Reformist groups

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10
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: what were outbursts in universities met by

A

Increased use of okhrana

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11
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: why was nickname years of the red cockerel coined

A

So many instances of arson in rural communities

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12
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: where was unrest in countryside at its worst and why

A

In central Russian provinces, where landlord/peasant relationship was still at its most traditional

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13
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: what did peasants do in years of the red cockerel

A

Set fire to landlords barns, destroyed grain, seized woodland and pasture, physically attacked landlords and officials

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14
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: how did stolypin deal with unrest in countryside

A

Peasants flogged, arrested and exiled and shot in their thousands

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15
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: why did it become referred to as stolypins necktie

A

Gallows in such constant use

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16
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: industrial strikes increase 1894-1904

A

17000-90000

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17
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: what did Zubatov set up in 1900 in an attempt to control proliferation of illegal unions

A

His own police sponsored trade unions with the approval of the Governor General of Moscow

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18
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: what was the idea of police sponsored trade unions

A

Provide official channels through which complaints could be heard in an attempt to prevent workers joining the radical socialists

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19
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: why did zubatovs experiment only last under 1903

A

Zubatov dismisses and exiled after one of his unions became involved in a general strike in Odessa

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20
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: what was the name of the union that was formed on the Zubatov model and who was it formed by

A

Assembly of st Petersburg factory workers by father gapon

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21
Q

Demands for change and gov reaction: who was the assembly of st Petersburg factoriy workers approved by

A

Plehve (minister internal affairs) and had support of Orthodox Church

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22
Q

Russo Japanese war: what did plehve encourage the tsar to respond to with a ‘short, swift, victorious war’

A

A Japanese assault on the Russian far eastern naval base at port Arthur in January 1904

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23
Q

Russo Japanese war: what did plehve say the short, swift victorious war would detract from

A

The tide of unrest at home

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24
Q

Russo Japanese war: how were the Russians unprepared

A

They had little idea of enemy and inadequacies of their own forces

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25
Q

Russo Japanese war: what happened to initial surge of anti japanese patriotism after a series of defeats

A

Turned into one of opposition to the government

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26
Q

Russo Japanese war: what happened when plehve was assassted July 1094

A

Renewed cries for a representative National Assembly

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27
Q

Russo Japanese war: what did mirsky reluctantly agree to in face of cries for National Assembly

A

Reluctantly agreed to invite zemstvo representatives to come to st Petersburg for discussions

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28
Q

Russo Japanese war: what did Nicholas declare when all he would concede was an expansion of rights of zemstva

A

I will never agree to the representative form of gov because I consider it harmful to the people whom god entrusted in me

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29
Q

Bloody Sunday: when was Bloody Sunday

A

9 January 1905

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30
Q

Bloody Sunday: when did Russian forces in port Arthur surrender to Japanese

A

20 December

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31
Q

Bloody Sunday: where did a strike begin 3 January 1905 and how did it escalate

A

Putilov iron works

Soon involved 150000 workers

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32
Q

Bloody Sunday: what did father gapon wish to present NII with in his peaceful March

A

A petition, demonstrating workers loyalty but also requesting reform

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33
Q

Bloody Sunday: where was Nicholas on Bloody Sunday

A

At his summer palace Tsarskoe Selo

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34
Q

Bloody Sunday: what was used to break up the demonstration

A

12000 troops

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35
Q

Bloody Sunday: what did NII finally agree to after his uncle was assassinated

A

Meet workers representatives at summer palace

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36
Q

Bloody Sunday: how did NII inflame sentiment even after agreeing to meet workers representatives

A

Suggested marchers had been badly advised and that strikers should return to work

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37
Q

Bloody Sunday: who did NII dismiss moderate Mirsky for

A

Bulygin- minister for internal affairs

Trepov- military governor of st Petersburg

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38
Q

October manifesto: how did Russian empire seem near to total collapse by October 1905

A

Strikes and demonstrations in all major cities, peasant uprisings throughout countryside and depends for independence from minority groups

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39
Q

October manifesto: why was st Petersburg soviet set up

A

To direct a general strike

40
Q

October manifesto: when did general strike begin

A

October 1905

41
Q

October manifesto: what did Witte warm that country was on verge of

A

A revolution which would sweep away a thousand years of history

42
Q

October manifesto: what demands for reform were there internally

A

Trepov declared for some moderate reform

Tsars Uncle threatened to shoot himself unless reforms insituted

43
Q

October manifesto: when did tsar agree to sign a decree

A

17 October

44
Q

October manifesto: what did october manifesto promise

A
  • to grant civic freedom
  • to establish state duma
  • to give state duma power to approve laws
45
Q

October manifesto: how did crowds react to manifesto

A

Greeted with celebrations

Sang French revolutionary anthem La Marseillaise and waved red flags

46
Q

October manifesto: why did radicals urge workers to fight on despite general strike being called off

A

We have been granted a constitution yet autocracy remains, we have been granted everything and yet we have nothing’

47
Q

October manifesto: how did radicals view accord with that of tsar

A

He had no intention of becoming a constitutional monarch and few of his ministers had a real commitment to manifesto promises

48
Q

Counter revolution: what did trepov order troops to do in forcing striking workers back to factories

A

Fire no blanks and spare no bullets

49
Q

Counter revolution: what did the Jews suffer in late 1905

A

Terrible pogroms

50
Q

Counter revolution: what were gangs sent to do to peasants in a bid to restore order

A

Round up and flog the peasants

51
Q

Counter revolution: what happened to st Petersburg soviet on 3 December

A

HQ surrounded and leaders arrested, tried and exiled to Siberia

52
Q

Counter revolution: what affect did exile leaders of soviet have on revolutionary movement

A

Weakened it and authorities regained control

53
Q

Counter revolution: when did street war fare in Moscow continue until

A

For a further month

54
Q

The new constitution: what did new constitution consist of

A
  • lower chamber (duma)
  • upper chamber (council)
  • gov
55
Q

The fundamental laws: when did the tsar issue them

A

Five days before first duma met 23 April 1906

56
Q

The fundamental laws: what did they assert

A

His autocratic power

57
Q

The fundamental laws: what did tsar claim right to do under fundamental la w

A
  • veto legislation
  • rule by decree in emergency/when duma not in session
  • appoint and dismiss gov ministers
  • dissolve duma as he wished
  • command Russia’s land and sea forces
  • declare war, conclude peace and negotiate treaties etc
58
Q

The first duma: what was its nickname

A

Duma of national hopes

59
Q

The first duma: dates

A

May- July 1906

60
Q

The first duma: who was it boycotted by

A

Bolsheviks, SRs and extreme right wing union of Russian people

61
Q

The first duma: what was it overwhelmingly in composition

A

Radical- liberal

62
Q

The first duma: why did it bring about wittes resignation

A

It was strongly critical of tsar and his ministers

63
Q

The first duma: who was witte replaced with

A

Goremykin

64
Q

The first duma: what did their address to the throne request

A

Political amnesty, abolition of state council, transfer of ministerial responsibility to duma, compulsory seizure of lands of gentry without compensation, universal and direct male suffrage, abandonment of emergency laws, abolition of death penalty aka reform of civil service

65
Q

The first duma: how did NII react to address to Theo e

A

Totally inadmissible

66
Q

The first duma: how did duma react to NII totally inadmissable

A

PAssed vote of no confidence in the gov and demanded the resignation of the tsars ministers

67
Q

The first duma: when was it dissolved

A

10 weeks after it passed vote of no confidence

68
Q

The first duma: who was goremykin replaced as PM by

A

Stolypin

69
Q

The second duma: nickname

A

Duma of national anger

70
Q

The second duma: date

A

Feb-June 1907

71
Q

The second duma: why was it more oppositional than predecessor

A

Number of more extreme left wing increased enormously because bolsheivks, Mensheviks and srs decided to participate

72
Q

The second duma: why did stolypin have to resort to passing legislation under emergency powers act

A

Struggled to find any support for agrarian reform

73
Q

The second duma: what did stolypin do when duma refused to ratify the legislation he passed under emergency powers act

A

Spread a story about a plot to assassinate tsar and dissolved duma

74
Q

The second duma: what happened when stolypin introduced an illegal emergency law to alter franchise

A

Weight of peasants, workers and national minorities drastically reduced and representation of gentry increased

75
Q

Third duma: nickname

A

Duma of lords and lackeys

76
Q

Third duma: date

A

Nov 1907-June 1912

77
Q

Third duma: in what sense was it a more submissive duma

A

Agreed to 2200/2500 gov proposals

78
Q

Third duma: why was it a sign of how unpopular tsarist regime had become

A

Even this duma proved confrontational

79
Q

Third duma: what were there disputes over

A

Naval staff, stolypins proposals to extend primary education and his local gov reform

80
Q

Third duma: why did it have to be suspended twice in 1911

A

While gov forced through legislation under emergency provisions

81
Q

Third duma: what was clear by 1912 despite duma running its course

A

Duma sustem not working

82
Q

Fourth duma: date

A

Nov 1912-17

83
Q

Fourth duma: who replaced stolypin as pM

A

Kokovstov

84
Q

Fourth duma: what did kokovtsov proclaim about duma

A

Thank god we still have no parliament

Just ignored it

85
Q

Fourth duma: why did duma not prevent its influence declining

A

Too divided to fight back

86
Q

Fourth duma: howrid workers again seize initiative

A

Revival of direct action and strike activity in years before outbreak of war

87
Q

Political developments by 1914: what did stolypin establish in August 1906 to deal with crimes deemed to be political in intent

A

Court martials led by senior military officers

88
Q

Political developments by 1914: when did cases have to be concluded in stolypins courts

A

2 days and the accused wasn’t allowed a defence counsel

89
Q

Political developments by 1914: how many people convicted and executed by stolypins court system 1906-09

A

3000

90
Q

Political developments by 1914: what were stolypins beliefs on agriculture

A

Radical reform of agriculture was best strategy for resisting revolutionary demands

91
Q

Political developments by 1914: wby did future look brighter for traditional governing classes

A

Agrarian situation improving and Dumas weakened to point of meaningless

92
Q

Political developments by 1914: why had revolutionary groups who had led most of opposition weakened

A

Police activity and internal quarrels

93
Q

Political developments by 1914: what offered oppurtknities for a revival of patriotism to defect public attention from troubles at home

A

Revival of pan slavism and focus for Russia’s imperial ambitions in Balkan’s

94
Q

Political developments by 1914: how did court react to resurfacing of labour troubles in 1913

A

Turned its back and seemed to believe allccould continue as it always had

95
Q

Political developments by 1914: what was the only party which NII had any sympathy for and what effect did this have

A

Union of the Russian people

Reinforced his mystical belief in the unassailable bond that existed between himself and his people

96
Q

Political developments by 1914: what was the courts distance from reality epitomised by

A

The rise of Rasputin

97
Q

Political developments by 1914: why did Rasputin damage tsars reputation

A

Alexandra grew close to him and believed he could cure her haemophilic son

Nicholas failed to take action

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