4: Russification (anti Semitic) Flashcards
what provoked ethnic minorities to assert their distinctive identities
development of national ideology
what had surfaced and brought rebellion 1830
polish nationalisms
what was set up 1840
finnish language pressure group
what did the secret brotherhood od saints Cyril and Methodius provoke in the Ukraine
national consciousness that sought to separate ukranian slavs from Russians
what was AII more concerned with than racial superiority
control
how did AII react to polish rebellion 1863
sent brother to deal with rebels
how did AII keep control without persecuting racial minorities
used concessions
examples of AII concessions
1864+1875- lativans able to convert to Lutheranism
finns- have own diet
what did period of increased reaction towards end of AII reign see
growing intolerance of national differences
russification in finland
diet reorganised to weaken political influence
use of russian language demanded
independent postal service abolished
Russian coinage replaced local currency
russification in poland
polish national bank closed
Russian language enforced in schools and universities
polish literature studied in Russian translation
administration changed to curb independence
russification in Baltic germany
Russian in all state offices, schools, police force and judicial system
german uni ‘dorpar’ became ‘iurev’
russification in the ukraine
limited use of ukranian language
all theatres in 5 provinces closed
military service arrangements extended
russification in siberia
uprising of ethnic peoples surpressed
how was adherence to orthodox church encouraged
laws benefitted those of orthodox faith
what were closed down in poland
catholic monasteries, influence of catholic priests curbed
who worked to convert heathens and Muslims in asia
all Russian orthodox missionary society
what were members of non orthodox churches not allowed to do from 1883
build new places of worship, wear religious dress except within meeting place and spread religious propaganda
results of russification
mass disturbance
resentment amongst educated and wealthy
growth of opposition groups
who suffered most from intense nationalism
jews
how many jews within Russian empire
5 million
since 1736 where had most jews been confined to
pale of settlement
why were jews hated in AII reign
non orthodox teachings and money lending and personal riches
where did AII allow wealthier jews to settle until polish revolt
outside pale
inflammatory slogan pobodonostev
beat the yids, save russia
on what grounds was AII anti Semitic
religious
what were AIII poltical concerns about jews
was believed that they orchestrated AII assassination
why may pogroms have started
business competition, encouragement from okrhana
how did gov curb pogroms
did little
who supported holy league organisation and what did they do
pobodonostev- coordinated early attacks- banned 1882
what did many jews do in response to pogroms
free over border to western europe
what did pogroms involve
jewish property burnt, shops and businesses destroyed, rape and murder
what did may laws add to
discrimination of jews
what did may laws condemn jews to
living in ghettoes in cities and towns
what did a separate decree of 1882 decrease the number of
jewish doctors in army
in which 2 ways did jews leave country
through own free will or forcibly expelled
what did policies towards jews remaining in country drive them to towards
revolutionary groups in particular Marxist socialist organisations
